3m 
,821^6 




Class 



£3Ja 



Copyright N° 



COFintGHT DEPOSm 




PPICE 25 CEiNT^ 





v^ 




The Standard Guide. 



The Florida Central & Peninsular R. R. 




THE NEW FLORIDA AND NORTHERN AIR-LINE 

Mountain 
Resorts 



THROUGH THE BEAUTIFUL 

VIRGINIA, CAROLINA 

AND 

TENNESSEE 



NEW DEPOT WITH CaFK OF F. C. & P. R. K., SILVER SPRING. 



\ ONLY RAILROAD to 



* 



L 



* « » SILVER SPRING. 



r wv V V V V V V V vwTi' i 



Via ASHEVILLE, COLUMBIA, SAVANNAH, from JACKSON- 
VILLE, OCALA, TAMPA, GAINESVILLE, TALLAHASSEE, 
ORLANDO, WINTER PARK, ST. AUGUSTINE, PALATKA, 
DAYTONA, ORMOND, SANFORD, ST. JOHNS RIVER and 
ALL POINTS ON THE EAST COAST. 

Passengers from St. Tetersburg, Clearwater Harbor, Dunedin, 
Sutherland, Tarpon Springs, San Antonio and the WEST 
COAST connect with the Florida Central & Peninsular Rail- 
road at LACOOCHEE. 

TWO TRAINS DAILY EACH WAY 

BETWEEN 

Jacksonville and Northern Points via the NEW LINE. 



PULLMAN SLEEPERS, and every accommodation known to the Most Advanced Railroad Service. 

» CONNECTIONS. « ■ 

AT COLUMBIA, the Florida Central & Peninsular connects for WASHINGTON, BALTIMORE, PHILADEL- 
PHIA, NEW YORK, BOSTON and the EAST and CANADA. Also for PITTSBURGH, ERIE, 
BUFFALO and all New York State ' points. 

AT SAVANNAH for AUGUSTA, MACON, ATLANTA, CHATTANOOGA, NASHVILLE, ST. LOUIS, 
CINCINNATI, CHICAGO and all points reached by Central R. R. of Georgia and connections. 

AT EVERETT, Ga., for MACON, ATLANTA, CHATTANOOGA, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO, BIRMING- 
HAM, MEMPHIS, KANSAS CITY and the WEST. 
Vestibule train to Cincinnati runs solid over this route. Also the Kansas City through sleepers. 

The Florida Central & Peninsular is the Great Tourist Route through Florida— 



To the HUNTING GROUNDS in the Gulf 
Hammock, about Archer, Bronson and Cedar Keys. 

To the TARPON FISHERIES on the West 
Coast. 

Into the PHOSPHATE REGION. 



Through the MAGNIFICENT HILL COUNTRY of Middle Florida, 
TalL-ihassce, Monticello, jradison, with benutiful rolling lands. GREATEST 
NATURAL ORANGE GROVES in the World around Citra, Ocala, Pelle- 
view, Wildwood. TheBEAUTIFUL CLEAR WATER LAKES, Lochloosa, 
Montclair, Leesburg, Tavares, Zellwood, Apopka. Orlando, Winter Park. 



To the SEA BEACH of FERNANDINA, and to TAMPA, on the GULF of MEXICO. 



ONLY ROUTE WITH THROUGH SIEEPERS FOR NEW ORLEANS, CONTSECTIXG FOR TEXAS, MEXICO, 
CAXIFORNIA AND PACIFIC COAST. ALSO FOR MOBILE AND THE WEST VIA RIVER JUNCTION. 



For full details concerning this GREAT INTERSTATE RAILROAD, send for BEST INDEXED MAP 
OF FLORIDA, SHOWING THE TOWNSHIPS, to 

N. S. PENNINGTON, Traffic Manager. A. O. MAC DONELL, Gen'l Pass'ger Agent. 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

Jacksonville Ticket Office, Corner of Bay and Hog:an Sts., Jacksonville, Fla. 

I. M. FLEMING, District Passenger Agent, C. S. BEERBOWER, Ticket Agent, 

D. C. ALLEN, City Ticket Agent, W. G. COLEMAN, Gen'l Traveling Agent. 

Bull and Bryan Streets, Savannah, Georgia. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



The Slandaiul Guide. 



Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 

QUEEN OF SEA ROUTES 



1(1 I III: 



North »"' East, ^ ^ 
% South a"' Southwest. 




F1RST=CLASS IRON PASSENGER STEAMSHIPS 

Willi TraINKK and 1-",X1>KRIF.NCK1> (IKKICKRS, 
BETWKKN 

SAVANNAH .< BALTIMORE, 



LEAVING SAVANNAH, 
LEAVING BALTIMORE. 



TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY. 
TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY. 



Throuijh tickets to all points reachcil via lialtimorc ami Savannah for sale in all Kailroatl I'icWct Oflices. 
Kor further information apply to 
A. \.. Hr<i(;l>S. Agenl. NEWCOMH <<>HEN. Travelling Agent, .». .J. CAnoLAN, Agent, 

LoiiU Do.k. KiilliiiKiri'. Mil. .Iiii'k>iin\ 111)'. Fla. Savannah, <;a. 

.J. C. WHITNKV. I raffic Mgr. A. I). STKIlltlNS. Asst 1 raffic Mgr. W. P. TJIINKR. Gen. Pxss Agt. 

General Offices, 214 and 216 Water st., Baltimore, Md. 

Circulars also at the Standard GuiJc Information Bureau. 




r ^ I 







77^^ Standard Ciii/dc. 

EI UfIICO is ;i pretty and al too ether 
anticjue Shop, situated under the 



Great Arcli, l)y tlie Round Tower 
of the Hotel Cordova. The souve- 
nirs sold there, lieside beintf of orie- 
inal tlesiyns, ha\"e inherent artistic 
value and are entirely different from 
the articles ordinarilv found in 



El Unico. Hotel Cordova. 

(Under the Arch by the Round Tower.) 



"Curiosity Shops.' 



El 6li?ico Ora^seJML 




"//(ZJ rt yine saw edge.^^ 

St. Augustine Souvenir Handle, with design of palm leaves and 
sea shell;^ the City Gate carved in relief on one side and the old 
Spanish rort on the other. 

El 61i?ico Orar?s6 Krjife 




THE CUT FLOWER 4- "i- § 

+ -J- DEPARTMENT I 

is in charge of compelent ^ 

florists. Fresh flowers from ^ 

gardens and hot houses are J 

always for sale. ^ 

g ORANGE BLOSSOMS f 

i£ are carefully packed and |£ 

!k shippei-1 by mail or express. X 



A Perfect Orange Knife. 

It may be had also \vith 
handles of various designs 
in Antique Celluloid, .Sil- 
ver Plate, Ivory, Pearl and 
.Sterlincr Silver. Illustrated 
circular sent on application. 



St. Augustine and 
Lake Worth 
Souvenir Pocket 
Knife. 

Self Opening:. 

Handle of Alumi- 
num, lironze and 
Sterling Silver. 








iCQ publishes ''Sunlight Pictures of Florida," a new and maEnificent volume r'v 
, Kockledge, Lake VV'orth, Tampa, the St. John's and Ocklawaha Rivers anc 
e no views of Florida until you have seen '"Sunlight Pictures." ' 



Ichly illustrating St. Augustine 
and other portions of the State, 



El UnicQ 

Ormoiid, 
Purchase 

At ElUnlw you 'vill also find a carefully selected assortment of Books, Stationery. Artists' Materials, Photographs, 
Choice Confections :.nd Home-Made Jellies, and Marmalades of Guava and Orange. Selecte I oranges are kept on sale 
and orders are received for box shipments direct from the best groves of the Halifax and Indian Rivers. 



EI Unico 



Branch In Hotel Indian River. Rockledge. Fla. 



HOTEL CORDOVA, 

UNDKR THE ARCH V.\ THE KOfNO TOWER, 

St. Augustine, Fla. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 

For flap of St. Augustine see page 15. 

ST. AUGUSTINE is a well-equipped mndern city. It has asplialt pavements, yas and electric 
lights, an artesian water system, a tire department, well-stocked inarkets and stores, elegant 
churches, an increasing number of residences, and palatial hotels which are famous the world over 
and on whose registers are written the names of more than 50,000 guests every winter and spring. 
It is the fashionable winter resort of the United States. Visitors lind every convenience and 
lu.xury. The town is renowned for its healthfulness, the climate is equable and has given lease of 
life to thousands who have come hither from the North and West. 

SITUATED on a narrow strip of land running north antl south, the town has in front (on the east) 
the Matanzas River or bay, and on the west the St. Sebastian River. Across the bay is .\nastasia 
Island; and beyond that — two miles distant — the ocean. 

RAILWAYS. A]\ trains leave from the Union Depot. 

HOTELS, of which announcements will be found in our advertising pages, arc: Ponce de Leon, 
Cordova ami Alcazar, on King street. Magnolia, St. George street. Florida, St. George 
street. Valencia, St. George street. Barcelona, Carrere street. Abbey, St. ( leorge street. 
St. George, St. George street. La Borde, Marine street. 

MAILS. The post office is on .St. George street, facing the Plaza. General delivery hours, S .\. M. 
to 6 !'. M. Mail time to New York, thirty hours; to Chicago, forty hours. 

TELEGRAPH OFFICES. Alcazar, Hotel Ponce de Leon and Hotel San M.-irco. 

EXPRESS. Southern E.xpress Co.; office, Nos. 31 and 33 .\lcazar, Cordova street. 

BANK, first National Bank, north side of Plaza. Hours, t; A. M. to 2 P. M. 

CHURCHES. Episcopalian^ Trinity Church, facing Plaza, Methodist — Grace Church, Cordova 
and Carrire streets. Presbyterian — Memorial Church, \'alencia street. Roman Catholic — 
Church facing Plaza on the north. 

PUBLIC LIBRARY. St. George street, in post oftice building. Non-residents may bcrmw books 
flee nf charge. 

STUDIOS. \'alencia street, Hotel Ponce de Leon. 

MUSEUMS. Dr. Vedder's Horida Museum (on Marine, corner Treasury street) is well worth visit- 
ing; its e.'itensive collections of land and marine life are of decided merit and will repay the atten- 
tion of those who are interested in natural history, and there is abundant entertainment here for an 
hour or a forenoon. 

tContlnaecI on second pa^e beyond.] 




^ 



rmanciw^ 



Corner isth and 1 streets, n. w. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guid* Information Bureau. 



The Battle Creek Sanitarium 

HEALTH FOODS. 

' ] " HE growing dvniaiiJs of the great aniiy of dyspep- 
tics, and tile remarkable advances recently made 
in the science of dietetics, have given rise to the tenii 
"Health Foods." To meet the evident necessities for 
genuine food products, prepared in such a manner as to 
require the least possible labor on the part of the diges- 
tive organs, and to meet the most common and iin- 
portjnl thtrapciilic iiulltations, an. I at a price SO aS tO 

be within tbe reach of the averag:e Invalid, w is ihe 
piirpoM.' of a series of experiments continued at the 
Sanitarium for nearly seventeen years. The result 
has been to produce a great numl)cr of improvements 
in medical dietetics and methods of meeting the dietetic 
reiiuirements of the invalid. Of the many products so 
discovered a few have stood the test of many years* 
experience and trial, under all conditions and in all 
climates. These have been adopted by us; and (heir 
proiluction has gradually increased from a few huiulrcd 
pounds aiinii.illv to iuiiulrtds of l..iis. 

THE BATTLE CREEK SAMTARIUM HEALTH 
FOODS arc uncqualcd In the guallilcs which have 

irfvcn them a world-wide reputation. They arc palatable, as well as healthful, and are 

thuruu^hly ffcnuinc. 




QRANOLA. 



This is a farinaceous produd, which is a combination of the most easily digested grains, and contains 
the largest possible amount of all the elements of niilntii>n in the proportion need.d for complete nutrition. 
Each pound more than equals in nutrient v.ilue three pounds Of the best becf or mutton, as detennined 
by chemical analysis, liesides affording a better quality of milriment. The m.iiiiier of preparation is such 
as to secure to a large extent the advantages of those changes naturally effected liy the digestive process, 
while eliminating every element of an irritating character. GRANOLA is just tile thing for a patient who 
needs to gain in flesh. It is the Uw\ far extellentt for all pei^ons willi weak digestion, delei-tivc assimila- 
tion, generil or nervous debility, brain workers, feeble children, and invalids generally, as well as travelers 
and excursionists. It is alsti excellent for those who, while not sick, need to obtain the largest possible 
supply of nourishment with the least labor on the part of the digestive organs. GRANOLA rei|uires no 
cooking, as .1 is subjected, in manufacture, to many hours of most thorough cooking. It k only necessary 
to moisten it with a little milk or water, and it may be eaten at once. 

The Battle Creek Sanitarium Health Food.-; Are: 



MK.im M <>.\TMl: Al. < It A( l\l:l:>. 
I'I..\IN OATMFAI, < K \( l\i:U>, 
NO. I <;|:AII.\M < l(A< KKKS, 
NO. -i (.ICAIIA^I < l!\< KKItS, 
I'L.VIN tiK.\U.VM t IC.Vt KKICS, 



i:\ I \\ \ I 1 i:-". 
< vi:i!us < UA< KKIC«. 
\t II K \T <;kanoi..v. 
\\ i;noi,.\. 

(.K.VNOL.V, 



W III I i: < l< \l KKICS. 

W 11(11. l-\\ II I. \T WAFKKS. 

i;i.i TKN « .\ii;ks, 

<;l.l TKN FOOD NO. 1. 
• iHTKN Kt)01> NO. •,'. 



INFANT'S KOOI>, KIMVS. 

Sample packages containing specimens of each of our foods sent postpaid for ^locts. Selected 
sanipK'^. :;ti^. SituI for (.nr illu^lr.itid .liscnpiioii .iiid pruc li~l .1 health Foods. 

SANITARIUM HEALTH FOOD CO., Battle Creek, Mich. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Informuti-^n Bureaus 



Ready Rcfcrouc Guide — Continuid. 

POINTS OF INTEREST. 

FORT MARION is open to the public lliroujjli llic day. 
THE CITY GATEWAY is at the head of St. George street. 
THE PLAZA, or parlj, is in the center of the town. 

THE SEA-WALL wns built by the United States ('.overnment in lS-5';-42. See paj;e 3^^. 
THE ST. FRANCIS BARRACKS are at the south end of the Sea-Wall. 

HARBOR AND BEACHES. Small steam craft ply between wharves and beaches and other 
points, and may be chartered for excursions. .V ferrv crosses to South IJeach and the Lighthouse 

HISTORICAL. 

PONCE DE LEON discovered Florida in 151 2. Xo permanent settlement was established until 
1565, when Pedro Menendez founded St. Augustine, the oldest town in North America. P'rom the 
massacre of the French Huguenots by Menendez at Matanzas to the close of the Seminole War in 
1842, St. Augustine's three centuries have been crowded with stirring incident and eventful change 
The town remained in the possession of the Spaniards until 1763, when Florida was ceded to Clreat 
Britain; in 1783 England ceded Florida back to Spain, and the United States came into possession 
in 1821. The massacre of the Huguenots by Menendez, the sacking of .St. .-\ugustine by Drake, 
the pill.aging by the Boucaniers, the sieges by the British uniler Moore and Oglethorpe, the vicissi- 
tudes during the Revolutionary War. the coming of the Minorcan refugees, the Seminole War, and 
other incidents are referred to in subsequent pages, while the story of the town's three centuries is 
told in "Old St. Augustine" — a helpful little book, which is to be seen in its coquina binding, at 
all the stores. 



The most attractive and historical point of interest on yonr retnrn is ATLANTA, GA., and the 



The 

Palace 

Hotel 

Of 

The 

South. 



It is entirely new \ 

and the most ele- < 

gant,i.omplete,and , 

perlect in its ap- ■;, 

pointments.cuisine /. 

and service of any { 

hotel palace in the \ 

South. ^ 



I 



American and 
fnropean Plans 



HOTEL ARAQON. 




ATLANTA has the most equable and uniform climate in the United States, with all the 
features essential to health. Klevation 1085 feet, drainage, dryness of air and absolute 
exemption from epidemics and malaria. 1 he purest of uater. clear as crystal. There are many 
atiractive drives over roads of historic interest, 'midst beautiful landscape with m untain belted 
horizon from 40 to 100 miles distant 

%W^ Beautifully Illustrated Book lui'th Rates and Full Particulars on Application. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Pii 



The Slatuiard Guide. 



if 



i HEALTH -a REST ■^ 

'^ Alma 

I Alma, Michfean. + + 






i^raiHl watLTs, ami L;rcat 
physicians — a place where no 



5j 

|; niau 

U one ever gets home-sick. 

j[ A handsome l)0<)k telhnjj you 

\\ about routes, rates and other 

r- ... 

^j essential points, sent free 

]i The Alma Sanitarium Co. 



There is every comlort lor 
Ik .ilth-impaired people at tin- 
Alma; every convenience for 
tlu- well, al the Alma; every 
recreation for the jjleasure 
seeker, at the Alma. It's a 
i^rrand place with a j^rand cli- 



Alma, nichinan. 




!t]fclfc]ICJC]t ■' 



TRAVEL VIA LUCAS' NEW LINE OCKLAWAHA RIVER STEAMERS 

I'lviiii; i>ctw ccn 
' , *, P.lLATKA.in(l the 

ram<iiis .tnd (I'lpular 
Nll.VKK 

Sl'Kl\<;S. 

The new, faiit and 
popular steamer 

METAMORA, 

A K, W AKD, C;iplain, 
siirpaiuiinf! all oiherm 
in her equipment, l>oih 
a» toxtuicioom!^, .neaU 
and service. Do not 
be deceived. 

The Mctamora U a 
new bnatfr m stem to 
>lern, t"p lo Ixittom. 

sniKDI'I.K AS 
F<U-LOWS: 

LF.AVESPALAT- 
KA Mondays^ Wed- 
nesdays and Kndaysat 
ia:ioi>.M , or on arrival 
of trains from Jacksonvill and St. Augu-ilinc. arriving nt SlLVKR SPRIN'<".S r^\y> \, m_ next morning. 

REIURNING. LEAVE SlLVKR SPRINGS 10:30 a. m. or on .irrival of trains from Ocala and TauDpa 
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, >;>^'<i>g ^ daylight sail down the Silver Springs and Oclclawaha River. 

C^vf For Tickets and Berths apply to alt Tourist, Hotel and Railnxad ticket nfficcs at principal points, or 
telegraph or write to 

J. E. LUCAS, W. H. LUCAS, 




Gen. Manager, pAt^TKA, Fla. 
Circulars also at the Standard (>uidc Information Iturcaus. 



G. T. P. A., Jacksonville, Fla. 



TIic Standard Guide. 

ST. AUGUSTINE'S 

Spanish-Moresque Palaces 




IK )TEL 



CORDOVA 

Open November Sth to May 1st. 



AMERICAN PtATJ. 



Rate $3.00. $3.50, $4.00 per Day. 
C. B. KNOrr, Hanager. 



PONCE DE LEON 

Open January to April. 

AMERICAN PLAN. 

Rates $5 and Upward per Dajr. 
C. B. KNOTT, Manager. 










HOTEL 



ALCAZAR 

Open January to April. 



AMERICAN PLAN. 



C. B. KNOTT, Manager. 



Circulars ak-i at the St.indar'1 Guide Information Bureau. 



The Standard Guide 



ST. AUGUSTINE 



By CHARLHS B. RHYNOLDS 

WITH A l>hSt;(lll'TION OF 



Thh Florida East Coast 



ILLUSTRATKD 




lww^»w'*" 



ST. AUGUSTINH. FLORIDA 
Copyright, i8gs, by C. B. Reyholcis 



To the Reader: 




Till-: SiAXDARi) (jriDi-: is intended to jjive such 
practical information anil intellitrent description 
as, it is liopcd, may add to tlic convenience and 
pleasure of the tourist. 

The present edition, which is for the tenth 
year, a])pears in an enlarged form, with text 
revised to date, and much new material, including a descrip- 
tion of the East Coast country. The generous list of illus- 
trations ei\en in former editions has also been increased. 
If not cast aside, the prose and pictures may in the future 
prove pleasant reminders of one's visit to Idorida. 
*,,* The text and illustrations are copyrighted. 
*.„* The price of the SrAXUARD, wherever sold, is 25 cents. 



^tkUktkt^A.^ 


A&AAA 




A.A. 


M.A^.m 


'■» 


4 Sc- Iht 


Standai 


\l Guide 


'/■ 


tition 




3 ft>r Ihc 


preservation 


■/ 


llu 


• old 




J Maliinzas Fort; 


and 


scud 


your 




A UdNw in 


support 


of tht 


movemtut. 




A,„,„,, 




■WV9\ 


r-w 


•w 


W WW 


-fi 










COXIKXTS. 



Si. Alici'STiNK, 

TllK. Cl l\ CiAlVwAV, 

Thk I'ia/\, 
Till-. Sv \-\\ai.i.. 

TlIK I'oM K. I>K I.KON. 

Four Marion, 
Si. 1'"rani is Hakracks. - 
IIakhiir ami Hkaiii. 
St. Axastasia Island. 
As a Hkamm Rksori. 

(iUN ANI> k«)l», 

Thk. Kast C'oast ("oinirv. 



I ACF. 

9 



26 



50 

. 66 

6S 



viii Jlhistratious. 

I'Ai-.r. 

Cool. I.wn ING Vistas, - . - . - - . .jj 

Ckii.ing Fresco, - - - - - - - - - ^7 

The Cordova, - - - - - - - - .p 

The Ai.cazar, - - - - - - - - -•,'•) 

I'lanokFokt Makiipx, ------- 51 

To-Day Touching Hands \\t iti X'k.sti- khav. - - - - - - 52 

Spanish Coat ok Arms, ------- 53 

Chai'ei. Entrance and Casema'ies, - - - - - - 55 

Sally-I'ort and \Vai< m 'I'owkk, ------ 56 

CoyiTNA Bastions, - - - - - - - -57 

Osceola and Coacooitiee, ----- . - 53 

A MONIMKNT OE TllKKE C'EN-nuiES. - - - - - - 59 

Menendez, --------- 6i 

San Jlan de Pinos, - - - - - - - - 6i 

The SiECE BY Fran(ts DuAKi' ------- 62 

In the Old Days, - - - - - - - - 62 

The SIEGE llV Oc.LElTIilRPE, - - - - - - - 63 

■CiENERAL MARION, - - - - - - - - 6j 

Fort Marion, Looking Seaward. ------ 65 

Hrhtsh Sr. Augusitne, - - - - - - - - 67 

The Dade Memorial, ------- 67 

KciNs OE the Maianzas For I, - - - - - - - 71 

St. Ge;orc;e Street near the I'la/.a, ------ ■73 

Indian Mode OF Hunting Alligators. - - - - - - 75 

Knows Where to Go Fishin', ------- 76 

■CocoANUT AT Pai.m Beach, - - - - - - - 77 

■One of the Urmond Drives, ------- 7S 

The Tai.i.y-Ho on Ormond Beach, - - - - - - - 79 

CoQi'iNA Shell-Stone, ------- 71^ 

■Ormond Beach in April, - - - - - - - - 80 

The Walk at Rockledge, - - - - - - - 81 

A Rockledge Vista, - - - - - - - - 82 

The Indian River Shore, -..-..- S3 

Seni'Inel I'almettoes, - - - - - - - - 84 

A I'Ai.M Beach Oitlook, -.-.-.-85 

The Royal Poinciana, - - - . - - - - 86 

In Seminole Land, -------- 88 

Pre-Renaissanck AKciiiTEcrrKK oi- Tirkkn Creek, - - - - - 87 

A Seminole oj-' To-iDav, ------- SB 

The F^asi- Coast Country, - - - - - - - 90 

A Memory ■■! ihe East Coasi- Land, ------ gi 

*** For permission to use copyrighted photographs, we are indebted to Havens t.'i Jacksonville; the Artotype 
Pub. Co. of New York; and the W. H, Jackson Photo, and Pub. Co. of Denver. 



ST. AUGUSTINE. 




;ORTIFICATION and defense were the first thought of 
the Spanish soldiers who founded St. .\ugustinc; and 
they were careful to choose a site which should be a 

i^W'- W%., ft. stronghold. The situation of the town was admirably 

r-^*"^*" I'ltted for such a purpose. St. Augustine is built on a 

[ . . "^ • , narrow strip of land running north and south. In 

t-~j^^,^- .« ^^ front on the east is the Matanzas River, in the rear on 

■ '^^' -^ the west flows the St. Sebastian. 

Distances in St. Augustine are not great. The chief points of niterest are com- 
prised within an area of three-quarters of a mile in length; and the tourist who is 
provided with the Standard Guide will need no other aid in finding his way. 

A sea-wall extends along the water front from Fort Marion on the north to the 
United States barracks on the south. In the center of tiie town is an open .square or 
park, called the Plaza. 

The principal streets run north and south; the cross streets at right angles, east 
and west. The main thoroughfare, St. (ieorge street, runs through the center of the 
town to the City Gate; from that point it is known as the Shell Road, extending north 
beyond the San Marco Hotel. Treasury street, crossing St. George one block north 
of the Plaza, narrows at the east end to an alley, across which two persons may clasp 
hands. St. Francis street, at the southern extremity of St. George, was long famous 
for its ancient date palm, which was killed by the freeze of 1885. The .\lameda 
extends west from the Plaza to the St. Sebastian River. 

Some of the street names are suggestive of incidents in the town's romantic historj-. .St. Francis 
commemorates the labors and self sacrifice of the Franciscan mission fathers, whose monastic institu- 
tion was on the site where the barracks now stand. Cuna and St. Ilypolita were given in the .Spanish 
supremacy. .St. George street was so called in honor of England's patron saint, and Charlotte was the 
name of the queen of King George III. OU St. A ugustiiu s\.a.\^i, that the name Treasury is from 
the Spanish term, which signified " the street where the treasurer lives." The treasure ((. e., funds for 
the soldiers' pay. etc.) was kept closely guarded in the fort. 

The narrow little streets, with their foreign names and foreign faces, their 
overhanging balconies and high garden walls, through whose open door one caught 



lO 



The Standard Gtcide. 



a glimpse of orange and fig and waving banana, were once among the quaint char- 
acteristics wliich made this old Florida town charming and peculiar among all Ameri- 
can cities. But the picturesque streets, of which tourists delighted to write, have 
almost ceased to be a pleasing feature of St. Augustine. Some of them have been 
widened; and others, shorn of their quaintness, are ill adapted to the swelling traffic 




A STUDY OF I.IOHT AND SHADE. 
Charlotte Street. 



of the "rush season." Reckless drivers crowd the pedestrian to the wall, and well 
may he sigh for the good old times when, tradition says, no wheeled vehicle was 
allowed in St. Augustine. The Standard Guide, we are sure, echoes the sentiment 
of scores of intelligent visitors, when it expresses regret that more adequate appreci- 
ation and foresight should not have prompted to the better preservation of these 
quaint and characteristic features of St. Augustine. 

The aspect of the town has been modified in other respects. The style of archi- 
tecture is undergoing a change; one by one the overhanging balconies are disappear- 
ing from the streets; high stone walls are replaced by picket fences and wire netting; 



12 



The Standard Guide. 














A STUDY IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 
Sketch from paintings by Louis C. Tiffany. 

moss-roofed houses have given way to smart shops; lattice gates are displaced by 
show windows and displaj^s of bargains in ready-made clothing. 

Few of the old dwellings are remarkable for antiquity or peculiarity of construc- 
tion; their picturesque side is usually seen from the street. In former times most of 
the houses were of coquina, a natural shellstone quarried from Anastasia Island, but 
this has been superseded by wood and artificial concrete. 

To tear down and demolish has been the rule with foe and friend alike. Indian, Sea-King, Bou- 
canier, British invader — each in turn has scourged the town; and after the passing of each, it has risen 
again. If we may credit the testimony of visitors here, over St. Augustine has always hung an air of 
desolation and decay. After the successive changes of rulers, the new has always been built from the 
old. To use the coquina blocks from a dilapidated structure was less laborious than to hew out new 
material from the Anastasia quarries. In this manner were destroyed the coquina batteries, that in 
old times defended the southern line of the town. The stone from one of them was employed in build- 



\hl. /' 




IIIK i:AKI>KNS Willi TIIHR r.M.MS. 



14 



The Standard Gi 



\\v^ tlie Franciscan convent, and thence it went into the foundation of the barracks, wiiich rose on the 
convent site. Anotlier lot of coquina passed through a like cycle of usefulness, from outskirt battery 
into parish church, and from parish church to the repair of the city gate. So universal, indeed, has 
been this process of tearing down the old to construct the new, that there are few edifices here to-day, 
concerning whose antiquity we have satisfactory evidence. Boston worships in churches more ancient 
than the cathedral; New Orleans markets are older than the disused one on the plaza; Salem wharves 
antedate the sea-wall; on the banks of the Connecticut, the Hudson and the Potomac stand dwellings 
more venerable than any here on the Matanzas. — Old Si. Augustiiw. 

The people met in the streets are not the picturesque beings described in the 
books of travel written fifty years ago. Most tourists expect to find here a Spanish 

population. The\- have a 
notion — zealously fostered by 
the stereotyped "Ancient 
City " letter in Xorthern 
newspapers — that inasmuch 
as St. Augustine was founded 
by the Spaniards there must 
be Spaniards here now. As 
a matter of fact, the swarthy 
Spaniard stalks through the 
streets no longer, save in the 
imagination of feminine cor- 
respondents, who send gush- 
ing screeds to their papers 
The Spanish residents emi- 
grated when Florida was 
ceded to the United States 
seventy-five years ago. 

.\ portion of the native 
population, distinguished by 
dark eyes and dark comple.x- 
ions, is composed of the Mi- 
norcans, but they are now an 
incons]iicuous p';rt ^f the 
winter throngs. They have 
given place to the multitudes 
from abroad; as their ancient 
coquina houses are making 
way for modern hotels and winter residences. In 1769, during the British occupa- 
tion, a colony of Minorcans and Majorcans were brought from the Balearic Islands, 
in the Mediterranean Sea, to New Smyrna, on the Indian River, south of St. Augustine. 
Deceived by Turnbull, the proprietor of the plantation, and subjected to gross 
privation and cruelty, they at length appealed to the authorities of St. Augustine, 
were promised protection, deserted from New Smyrna in a bod)^ came to St. 
Augustine, were defended against the claims of Turnbull, received an allotment of 
land in the town, built palmetto-thatched cottages, antl remained here after the 
English emigrated. 




■VERHANGINO BALCONIES. 
i^i. George Street. 



STANDARD GUIDE MAP 
ST. AUGUSTINE, f 



I TWh ** M HMrt Pmu 4* L«i 




l6 The Standard Guide. 

The pathetic story of the Minorcans at New Smyrna and their exodus to St. 
Augustine has enlisted the sympathetic pen of more than one narrator. There is 
little reason for questioning the truth of the commonly accepted version, yet it is due 
to Dr. Turnbull to remember that this story, like every other, has two sides. Turn- 
bull's side is given by his personal friend Dr. Johnson of Charleston, S. C, in his 
Remi.dsccnces of tke American Revolution. .According to this authority the New 
Smyrna revolt was instigated by the British Governor's wife, in St. Augustine, who 
had been an old flame of Turnbull's in Scotland, and was impelled to her mischief- 
making among his indentured colonists by a motive no less powerful than the fury of a 
woman scorned. Most travelers have spoken kindly of the Minorcans in St. Augustine, 
from Latrobe in 1832, who gives a pretty picture of the fishermen's cottages, festooned 
vi'ith nets and roses, shaded by orange trees and hung round with cages of nonpar- 
eils and mockingbirds, to William CuUen Bryant in 1843, who described them as "a 
mild, harmless race, of civil manners and abstemious habits." Five years later, Rev. 
R. K. Sewall, then the rector of Trinity Church, published his Sketches of St. 
Augustine. Should you ever come upon a copy of this book, it will almost certainly 
be found that pages 39 and 40 are wanting; and inspection will show that the leaf 
has been cut out. The missing pages contained this reference to the Minorcans: 

The present race were of servile extraction. By the duplicity of one Turnbull they were seduced 
from their homes in the Mediterranean and located at Smyrna, and forced to till the lands of the pro- 
prietors who had brought them into Florida for that purpose. After enduring great privation, toil and 
suffering, under the most trying circumstances of a servile state, they revolted in a body, regained their 
rights and maintained them. * * * Their women are distinguished for their taste, neatness and 
industry, a peculiar light olive shade of complexion, and a dark full eye. The males are less favored 
by nature and habit. They lack enterprise. Most of them are without education. Their canoes, 
fishing lines and hunting guns are their main source of subsistence. The rising generation is, however, 
in a state of rapid transition. — R. A'. Se-vall, "Sketches of St. .Augustine," pp. 39-40. 

However big or little may have been the grains of truth in this description, the 
Minorcans had at least education enough to comprehend the uncomplimentary tone 
of Mr. Sewall's allusion to them; and when the edition of Sketches came to hand they 
showed their enterprise by mobbing the store where the books were, bent on the 
destruction of the whole lot. They were only restrained by a pledge, faithfully kept, 
that the obnoxious pages should be torn from every book. 

Among the customs of the native land retained to a recent period by the 
Minorcans was the singing of a hymn in honor of the Virgin, by groups of young 
men who went about the streets serenading their friends, on the evening before 
Easter. This hymn, called the Fromajardis, was in the Mahonese dialect. It was 
handed down orally from one generation to another, and with what fidelity to the 
original may be inferred from this incident of Dr. .Anderson's visit to Minorca in the 
summer of 1888, as related in a letter: 

.'\t sundown we stopped at a small village, w'hich was as clean as a new pin, every house whitened 
to the last degree, and had a lunch of bread, cheese, oranges, cherries, and native wine — all the house 
afforded. .\s we rode along through the hills by the light of the pale new moon, I sang to the driver the 
" Fromajardis," as sung in St. .\ugustine. He seemed pleased and surprised, and said that he did not 
know that any foreign gentleman knew that song, I told the interpreter to tell him that over a hundred 



The Standard Guide. 



17 





W^^ 



KRoM IHK sKA-WAI.I.. 

years ago that song was earned over the ocean, and now I brought it back among its native hills. He 
said it was not sung as much now as it was twenty years ago. Thus are old customs dying. 

Song has wonderful vitality, atid melody lives. The airs of French psalms sung 
by the Huguenots in Florida were heard among the Indians long after the death of 
Ribault at Matanzas. In suggestive contrast is the testimony of Jonathan Dickin- 
son, shipwrecked <in this coast in 1696, who records that the Indians hailed him with 
certain English words which they no doubt guilelessly beiievetl to be salutations of 
good cheer, but which were epithets of abuse. It was all the English they knew. 

The Fort, the gateway and the old houses are built of coquina (Spanish, signify- 
ing shellfish), a native rock found on Anastasia Island. It is composed of shells and 
shell fragments of great variety of form, color anil size. Ages ago these were washed 
up in enormous quantities by the waves, just as masses of similar material are left 
now on the beach, where one may walk for miles through the loose fragments which, 
under favorable conditions, would in time form cotpiina stone. Cut olT from the sea 
by intervening sand bars, these shell deposits are in course of time partially dissolved 
by rain water, and firmly cemented together in a compact mass of shell stone. 

The new concrete building material is a composition of sand, I'ortland cement 
and shells. A wall is built by first setting boarils up on edge, with a space between 
equal to the thickness of the wall; into this mould is poured a layer of concrete; as each 
layer hardens a new one is poured in on top of it, and successive layers are added to 
any recpiired height. The wall is thus cast insteaii of being built; when completed it 
is one stone; indeed, the entire wall construction of a concrete building is one solid 
mass throughout — a monolith, with neither joint nor seam. The plastic material 



i8 



T'hc Standard Giiide. 



lends itself most admirably to architectural and decorative purposes, and possesses 
the very important qualities of durability and immunity from destruction by fire. It 
was first employed in the Villa Zorayda, worthy of note because of the architectural 
design and the elaborate manner in which the owner-architect has successfully de- 
veloped his plan of an oriental building as appropriate to the latitude of Florida. 




>l . \ri;rs i i\i , 



The architecture throughout is Moorish, after sketches and photographs in Spain 
Tangiers and Algiers. Above the front entrance is the inscription in Arabic letters: 
Wa la ghalib ilia lla — "There is no conqueror but God," — the motto which is 
evervwhere reproduced on the escutcheons and in the tracery of the Alhambra. 

Mahamad Aben Alahmar, the founder of the Alhambra, having participated with King Ferdinand 
in the conquest of Seville, returned to his dominions. "When the conqueror approached his beloved 
Granada, the people thronged forth to see him with impatient joy, for they loved him as a benefactor. 
They had erected arches of triumph in honor of his martial exploits, and wherever he passed he was 
hailed with acclamations as El Gltalih, or The Conqueror. Mahamad shook his head when he heard 
the appellation. ' U'n la gJiali/i il/a lla,' t\Q\a\med he — There is no conqueror but God! From that 
time forward, he adopted this exclamation as a motto. Fie inscribed it on an oblique band across his 
escutcheon, and it continued to be the motto of his descendants." — //-t7«;', " Tlif Alhamhra." 



The Standard Guiilc. 



IQ 



St. Augustine is popularly associated with lnurisl travel; it is faiiicil for its 
hotels, and is tiiought of chiefly as a resort for those who find "the warmest welcome 
at an inn;" and these distinctions have (|uite overshadnwed the characteristics of the 
town as a city ot winter homes. There are numerous residences, pretentious or 



joj-nt^-^ 





;?;f ^ 




TKANSrORMEn ST. OF.nRr.l- 



unassuming, which are occupied in the winter months by those who spend the 
summer Xorth or West: and there will he more in the future as the advantages of 
such a mode of living shall become better appreciated. On the score of economy it 
is cheaper to live here in the winter than to remain in the North; and considerations 
of comfort are all with St. Augustine. They can never again be induced to undergo 
-..the restrictions and hardships of a shut-in winter in the Xorth, who once have 
known the comfort and enjoyment of an open-window winter in St. Augustine, with 
the golden sunshine of the day. the delicious softness of the night air, the blue of the 
heavens, the white sails of the harbor, and the exultant song of the mockingbird. 



20 



The Standard Gtiidc. 




THE BF.LFRY ON THE PLAZA. 



•oc?!; -pi^g Memorial Presbyterian church, 

erected in 1889 by Mr. H. M. Flagler, is an 
elaborate structure, in the style of the 
Venetian Renaissance, and in wealth of 
exterior decoration surpasses any other 
building in St. Augustine. While the grace 
of form and outline is indicated in our 
engraving, it is manifestly impossible that 
any printed illustration should give a true 
concei)tion of the richness and beauty to 
which color contributes so essential a part. 
This is all the more true when, as in the 
present instance, the color effects have not 
been left to hap-hazarii, nor determined by 
the exigencies of the material employed; 
but have been carefully determined upon 
beforehand and selected, as was the design 
of the building itself, with intelligent refer- 
ence to the site and its surroundings. To 
know what happy^ success has been achieved, 
one must study the Memorial church, and 
with pleased eye note the harmonious blend- 
ing of its colors and its grateful contrasts, 

the pearl gray, the body color of the shell concrete, with the cream white of the terra 

cotta and the golden yellow of the brick work, the bronze finials, the great copper 

dome; and the Florida foliage and sunlight and sky to complete the charm of the 

picture. 

Other changes have been made in ecclesiastical architecture, most noteworthy with 

respect to the Roman Catholic cathedral on the plaza. Destroyed by fire in 1887, 

it has been re- 
built, enlarged 

and beautified. 

The original 

fagade has been 

retained and 

blends some- 
what inharmoni- 

ously with the 

spire rising 

above it. There 

is in this some- ^ 

thing typical of L, 

that incongruity 

V/hich character- Front "' Engineering and Building Record." 

izes the town, gr.a.ce church. 





THT MEMORIAL (-•mRCH. 



The Standard Guide. 



a combination of thi ancient and tlie modern, the quaint and venerable and the 
painfully new. 

Because of the pretty fable that the name Florida was given to a "Land of 
Flowers," and because the tropical features of the northern portion of the State have 
been grossly exaggerated, most persons who come to Florida in winter are apt to be 
disappointed when they find the floral display less profuse and brilliant than they 
anticipated. They forget that like the North, the South also has its seasons, which 
are marked in the same manner if in less degree. Spring is the time of bursting 
buds and blossoms, summer of luxuriant and maturing vegetation, autumn of the 
falling leaf; while in winter much of 

the Florida verdure is sere and , . 

brown, the deciduous trees are bare 
of leaves, and beneath the sombre 
drapings of ''Spanish moss," as in the 
North beneath the sheet of snow, the 
earth rests and recuperates. There 
is yet abundance of foliage and color. 
Lemon, orange and lime, oleander, 
olive and magnolia, date palm, pal- 
metto and bay are evergreen; rose 
gardens are in perennial bloom. The 
orange blossoms in the last of Feb- 
ruary or the first of March; the fruit 
ripens from November 15 to Decem- 
ber I, and will hang on the trees until 
the middle of the following ]\Lxy. 

In recent years the town has taken 
on a new appearance and character. 
From a queerly built old city, whose 
foreign air piqued the curiosity of 
the chance visitor, and hinted at the 
vicissitudes of its "three centuries of 
battle and change," St. Augustine 

has become a fashionable winter resort, whose great hotels dominate the aspect of 
the surroundings, and in their luxury and magnificence have no equals in the 
world; it is the winter Newport, whose visitors are numbered by tens of thousands, 
whose private residences are distinguished for elegance and comfort. Year by 
year the city grows more beautiful, and with each innovation and transformation 
it adds anew to its attractiveness. The old has been supplanted by the new, yet 
St. Augustine preserves a distinctive character all its own, and there is now more 
than ever before about the old city an indefinable charm, which leads one's thoughts 
back to it again, and gladdens the face that is once more turned toward Florida 
and St. .\ugustine. 

Can life aTiywhere else be like life in the .\ncient City? I'pon the first day thereof we are ready to- 
swear you, Nay. Upon the one hundred and fifty-first I think we say, .Amen. — FJizahclh Stiuirl Phelps. 




A BIT OF OLD AUGUSTI.N'E. 




THE CITY r.ATEWAY. 

.41 I'u hf.ul <•/ St. Geoi-^e Sir/et. 

ANDMARKS are rapidly disappearing from St. Augustine, but the 
pillars of the ancient city gateway still remain as notable monu- 
ments if the past. When first seen these towers are quite likely 
~ to be a disappointment, for their proportions are not so grand as 
they are often pictured. Moreover the gate has been outgrown 
and dwarfed; and it no longer possesses the advantage of a commanding position on 
the town's outskirts. Dwellings crowd close upon it, overtopping the towers; a lu'ge 
hotel looms up beyond. Irreverence might even dub the gateway ridiculous. 

But it was not always so. Inconsequential as may be these towers now, there 
was a time when they stood out bravely enough, and when in their security St. 
Augustine rejoiced. In those days they looked out upon an illimitable wilderness; 
the belated traveler hurried on to their shelter; and the town slept securely when 
the liarrier date was fast shut against the midnight approach of a foe from without. 
Stoutly their walls gave their strength when it w-as needed, and defended for the 
King of Spain his garrison town in Florida. They have witnessed many a narrow 
escajie and many a gallant rescue. More than once have they trembled with the 
shock of assault, and more than once driven back the foe repulsed. To-day, dis- 
mantled and useless, out of keeping with the customs of the day and the spirit of the 
age, long since left behind by the outstretching town, the picturesque old ruins linger 
as cherished landmarks. Here we are on historic ground. 

The gateway is the only conspicuous relic of the elaborate system of fortifica- 
tions which once defended St. .Vugustine. The town being on a narrow peninsula 
running south, an enemy could approach by land only from the north. Across this 
northern boundary, east and west, from water to water, ran lines of fortification, 
which effectually barred approach. From the Fort a deep ditch ran across to the 
St. Sebastian; and was defended by a high parapet, with redoubts and batteries. The 
ditch was flooded at high tide. Entrance to the town was by a drawbridge across 
the moat and through the gate. Earthworks e.\tended along the St. Sebastian River 
in the rear (west) of the town, and around to the Matanzas again on the south. The 
gate was closed at night. Guards were stationed in the sentry bo.xcs. Just within, 
the gate was a guard house, with a detachment of troops. 



24 



Tiic Standard (iiu'i/c 




?te? ..: 



"LINGER AS CHERISHED LANDMARKS.' 



'MVlien the sunset gun was fired, the bridge was raised, the gate was barred, 
and the guards took their station. Through the hours of the nigiit — from fort to 
gate, from gate we.st along the parapet to redoubt Tolomato, from Tolomato to 
redoubt Centre, from Centro to redouljt Cubo on the San Sabastian; thence along 
the river to the farthest battery, and east to the e.xtreme point of the peninsula; then 
north, past powder-house and barracks, on to the plaza, and so back to the watch towers 
of the fort again — went the challenge, Cfiitincla alerta ! and came the answer, Alerta 
estd! When once the gate was closed, the belated wayfarer, be he citizen or stranger, 
must make the best of it without the town until morning." Only on extraordinary 
occasions were the bolts thrown back at night, as when some messenger might come 
with urgent dispatches Uix the Governor. — Old St. Augusliiic. 



The Standard Guide. 25 

The line of the ditch anil parapet may still be traced along Orange street; and 
the remains of some of the old earthworks are to be seen along the St. Sebastian. 

Emerging from these solitudes and shades, we espied the distant yet distinct lights of the watch 
towers of the fortress of St. Augustine, delightful beacons to my weary pilgrimage. The clock was 
striking ten as I reached the foot of the drawbridge; the sentinels were passing the aUilo, as I 
demanded entrance; having answered the preliminar)' questions, the drawbridge was slowly lowered. 
The officer of the guard, having received my name and wishes, sent a communication to the governor, 
who issued orders for my immediate admission. On opening the gate, the guard was ready to receive 
me, and a file of men, with their officer, escorted me to his E.xcellency. who expressed his satisfaction at 
my revisit to Florida. — Voyage to the Spanish Main. 1817. 

The towers are very old. They had fallen iiiio partiai mm so early as the be- 
ginning of the present century. In 1810, at the (lovernor's command, all the town's 
male inhabitants between u anil 60 years of age were compelled to labor at the 
restoration of the gate and the other fortifications. .\t a later date the west tower 
was partially demolished and clumsily rebuilt. The stone causeway leading out from 
the gate is modern. The sentry bo.xes have recently been repaired and are now 
furnished with iron gratings to |)rotcct them from vandals who know no better than 
to chip off pieces of stone as relics. The material is coquina. The pillars are 20 feet 
in height, to the mouldings; and 10 feet deep; the Hanking walls are 30 feet in length; 
roadway between the pillars, 12 feet. The walls were formerly provided with ban- 
quettes, or raised platforms on the interior, upon which the guard stepped to 
discharge his fire over the wall, with a single step regaining shelter. 

Even the pillars of the city gate, which next to the fort arc the chief memorials of Old St. 
Augustine, have barely escaped demolition at the hand of the vandal; for once U|K>n a time, a con- 
tractor was assigned the work of building a stone causeway from the gate, in the pl.-ice of the old draw- 
bridge, which formerly crossed the ditch at that point; and being in need of coquina, this unworthy 
workman, laying violent hands on what was nearest, began to tear away the gateway pillars. Com- 
pelled to restore the plundered stone to its pl.tcc, he botched the work, and in the clumsy restoration 
has left an enduring monument of his lazy shiftlessness. — OU St. Augiislinf. 




RUINS OF GATEWAY — FROM THE .NORTHWEST. 



THE PLAZA. 




PLEASING bit of greensward in the center of the town is the 
Plaza. It is a public park of shrubbery and shade trees, with 
monuments and fountains, an antiquated market place invit- 
ing one to loiter, and an outlook to the east over the bay 
and Anastasia Island to the sails of ships at sea. All this is 
the more charming to those who remember the Plaza — not 
so many years ago — when it was an unshaded, unkempt, un- 
inviting waste of scanty turf and blowing sand. Long before 
those days it had been beautiful with orange trees, whose 
wonderful size and fruitfulness are yet among the town's tradi- 
tions. The square is diminutive, but it is unconsciously mag- 
nified because of the contrast to the narrow streets whence one emerges upon its 
stretch of greensward. 

The open structure on the east end of the Plaza is commonly pointed out as the 
"old slave pen," or "slave market," and it is sometimes alleged to have been of 
Spanish origin. It never was used as a "slave pen," nor as a "slave market," nor 
had the Spaniards anything to do with it, for they had left the country twenty years 
before it was built. The market (burned in 1887 and restored) was built in 1840; it 
was intended for a very prosaic and commonplace use, the sale of meat and other 
food supplies, and it was devoted to that use. A, print of the town in 1848 shows the 
market thronged with men and women with baskets; and it is hardly worth while to 
point out that in those days purchasers did not carry home human chattels in baskets. 
The requirements of St. Augustine long since outgrew this primitive style of mart, 
and the Plaza market has become a lounging place where idlers bask in the sun and 
exchange gossip. 

It was not until the influx of curiosity seeking tourists, after the Civil War that 
any one thought of dubbing the Plaza market a " slave pen " or " slave market." 
The ingenious photographer who labeled his views of the old meat market "slave 
pen " sold so many of them to sensation hungry strangers that he has since retired 
with a competence; and when he sets up a crest he will no doubt take for his arms a 
negro in chains, after the fashion of old John Hawkins, father of the British slave 



The Slandard Guide. 27 

trade. The "slave market," "Huguenot Cemetery" and "oldest house" yarns have 
been told so often to credulous visitors that there are now some resiilcnts of St. 
Augustine who actually almost believe the stories themselves. There have neve' 
been wanting strangers to give implicit belief to the tales, and forgetting all the 
romantic conflicts of the past waged here in St. .Augustine, to stand and gape in 




MOKMM. I'N 1 \\y \\ \i.\. 
From a fhotP^rafh tttkfn in 1894. 

foolish wonder at the old market; just as in like manner, perhaps, if brought into the 
presence of a hero of a hundred fateful conflicts, they would ignore the splendid 
record of his valor and stand lost in vulgar contemplation of some such physical 
peculiarity as a wart on the nose. 

There is the "I'laza de la Constitution" [/iV], where the good Christi.ins burnt their brethren a 
century ."nio. ... In the center st.inds the cunous old market pl.icc, . . this was the 

ancient slave mart, where dod's image, carveil in et)ony, was bought and sold in most ungodly fashion; 
there is the place where they stood ranged in rows like cattle in a pen, so that the purch.iscrs might 
walk to and fro examining them from all jwints 10 see that they had their money's worth. — l.aJyDuffus 
Uttnly, "Do'u'ii Si^iil/i." 

All of which is interesting chielly because it shows us that in writing grotesque 
accounts of what he thinks he sees in this country the traveling Englishman can be 
outdone by his countrywoman. Nero is credited with having burned Christians in oil 
to light up his orgies; Lady Hardy appears ruthlessly to have made the St. Augustine 
"Christians burn their brethren," for no other reason than to light her page with a 



28 The Standard Guide. 

dime novel glow. The list is long of writers on St. Augustine of whom it might be 
said that they would do better " not to know so much than to know so many things 
that aint so." Even Henry W. Longfellow wrote, in Poems of Places, that St, Augus- 
tine had "been many times ravaged by the French. Indians and Spanish:" but of not 
a one of these ravagings does history give us any account, unless we reckon as 
"French" the Boucaniers from Hispaniola, who came here in 1665 under the leader- 
ship of Admiral Davis, fell upon the town, drove out the inhabitants, sacked and 
burned the dwellings, and sailed away with little booty for their pains. 

The park takes its name of Plaza de la Constitucion from the monument erected 
here by the Spaniards in 1813. This is a pyramid of coquina, stuccoed and white- 
washed, rising from a stone pedestal, and surmounted by a cannon ball. It is not a 
■work of high artistic pretension, nor of very imposing proportions, but its history is 
curious. The existence of such a memorial here in the United States is incongruous, 
for it commemorates a minor event of European history. 

In 1S12, the Spanish Cortes completed the formation of a new and Uberal constitution. In 
commemoration of this, monuments were erected in Spain and the Spanish provinces. Among others 

was this one in the province of Florida, the 
T"! n"ZCl d(' In C^nn.^titllCi01\ square then taking the name Plaza de la Consti- 

tucion. Finally, in 1S14, the war for independ- 

J^romuljada en csta Ciudad de San ^^^^ ^^,^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ successful termination; 

JTouslin clela Jlonda Oriental en ^na Ferdinand VII., having pledged himself 

17 dc Oclubre dc\8l2 s'vendo Tobcrna to support the new constitution, was recalled 

<lor el Jorioadicr...Z'on ocljastianKin. to the throne. Once in power, almost his first 

<lfllftT\ CciballGro del Ordcjidf Santiaoo act was to repudiate the new constitution and 

<7i .. ■ declare it null and void. Throughout Spain and 

v/ eira ClCrna meraOriCL. her American dependencies it was commanded 

•C\ J^ ijoniamicnlo Constiluc»onal Cr»9_lo t|,at the monuments erected two years previously 

<Stc OOctisco dlri^idd por5)on!?'ernan<io in commemoration of the constitution, should be 

■de lo^'l^^a.^rreclorvclo dJo>-M\ Acoidor- destroyed. Notwithstanding the royal decree, 

x'ecano ^\JJor\ J'rar\c\^CQj\.o\>xyix this one in Florida was not torn down. The 

V'rocuradoi- Sindico..,. tablets were removed, but four years later (iSiS) 

-n , , /t Q 1 1^ were restored to their places, where they have 

■6ln0 QCiOlO remained ever since. — "Old St. Augustine" 

Later Years. 
The Spanish inscription on the monument sets forth, as translated: " Plaza of the Constitution^ 
promulgated in the city of St. Augustine, in East Florida, on the 17th day of October, in the year 1812; 
the Brigadier Don Sebastian Kindalem, Knight of the Order of Santiago, being Governor. For eternal 
remembrance the Constitutional City Council erected this monument, under the superintendence of Don 
Fernando de la Maza Arredondo, the young municipal officer, oldest member of the corporation, and 
Don Francisco Robira, Attorney and Recorder. In the year 1813." 

A second monument in the Plaza, erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association, commemorates 
the volunteers from St. Augustine and vicinity, who lost their lives in the Confederate service. The 
shaft is of coquina, and bears the inscriptions: " Our Dead. Erected by the Ladies' Memorial Associa- 
tion of St. Augustine. Fla., A. D. 1872." "In Memoriam. Our loved ones who gave their lives in 
the service of the Confederate States." " They died far from the home that gave them birth." " They 
have crossed the river and rest under the shade of the trees." 



The Standard Guide. 



29 



Originally, no iloubt, the square was designed as a parade for the maneuvering 
of troops. On a map of the town in British times, given in Old St. Ausustine, it is 
designated as " The Parade Ground." For this purpose it was employed so late as 
1865, when the sunset dress-parade of the United States troops on the I'laza was— 
ne.\t to the daily arrival of the mail stage— the great event of the day. 

Always a place of public assemblage, the I'laza has been the scene of two inci- 
dents which strikingly illustrate the curious vicissitudes of the town's history. The 
first of these was on that historic night in the year 1776 when the loyal Hritish sub- 
jects of King (leorgc III. came 
together here and burned in 
effig)' two of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence. 
The second one, nearly a hun- 
dred years later, was the Fourth 
(if July gathering of the citizens 
of St. Augustine in mass meeting 
on the Plaza to applaud the read- 
ing of that Declaration, which 
had now a new meaning because 
cemented and made good by the 
tremendous conflicts, the price- 
less sacrifices of the Civil War. 

A person of antiquarian tastes 
might find much of interest in 
the alterations which have been 
made during the last fifty years 
in the Plaza surroundings. The 
-Manieda was originally a high- 
walled alley ten feet wide; an- 
other wall shut in the lot where 
the Post Office stands on the site 
of the old Governor's house, and another extended from St. George street east to 
the Cathedral, and then to Charlotte street, where in Spanish times stood the guard 
house. 

Facing the Plaza on the west (St. George street) is the Post Office; the east 
end is open to the bay. On the south rises the spire of Trinity Church; and on the 
north St. Joseph's Cathedral. The edifice was completed in 1791, burned in 1887 
and rebuilt and enlarged in 1S87-88. One of the original bells bears the inscription, 
" S.\NCTF. • Joseph • Or.v • Pro • Nobis • D • i68i." It has been claimed that 
this bell is the oldest on the continent; it may be the most ancient within the liniits 
of the United States; it antedates by three years the famous bell in the Dutch church 
at Tarrytown, X. V., which bears the date 1685. The Cathedral is not old when 
compared with numerous other church edifices in this country; it is, for example, 
nearly a hundred years more modern than the Tarrytown church referred to. 




TIIK oLI> CATHtUKAL. 




THE SEA-WALL 



i/'XTENDING from the water-battery of Fort Marion south along the 
water front of the town to the United States barracks, stands 
a sea-wall of coquina capped with New England granite. It 
affords a necessary protection against the encroachment of 
the sea. The site of St. Augustine is so low that under cer- 
tain conditions of wind and tide the waves would inundate 
much of the town. In heavy east storms the water dashes over the top of the wall. 
The need of such a barrier against the sea was recognized at an early time. 
There is a touch of the humorous side of history in the spectacle of Spain, having 
chosen this bit of Florida soil for a town, building first a huge fort to defend it from 
invaders, and then a great wall to protect it from the inroads of the sea. The records 
tell us that the soldiers volunteered their labor and contributed part of their pay 
towanl the construction of the first sea-wall. They were wise enough in their day 
and generation to understand that if the town were swept away their lazy occupation 
of garrisoning it would tumble into the sea along with it. The first wall extended 
only to the center of the town; a plan of the town at the time of the British occupa- 
tion, given in Old St. Augustine, shows that the wall then terminated at the Plaza. 

The present wall was built by the United States, in 1835-42, as a complement to 
the repairs of Fort Marion, at an expense of $100,000 Length, i\ mile; height, 10 
feet; width of granite coping, 3 feet. 

At different points stairways descend to the boat landings at water level; and 
near the Plaza and the Barracks are recesses or basins where boats unload their 
freight and find shelter from storms. 

From the wall a charming prospect is afforded of the sail-dotted harbor, the shin- 
ing sand dunes of the beach, the green stretch of Anastasia with the lighthouse rising 
against the eastern sky, and the quivering mirage north and south. The wall itself 
harmonizes admirably with the fort, and its sweeping curves add not a little to the 
beauty of St. Augustine's water front, although the effect has been marred by inter- 
position of numerous wharves Writers of the Sidney Lanier school have not failed 
to extol the sea-wall as a promenade for the moonlight .strolls of lovers; there is also 
revealed at every low tide abundant ocular evidence that from time immemorial 
prosaic souls (possibly the same lovers grown old) have found "over the sea-wall " 
a convenient dumping ground for old bottles, tin cans and other household refuse. 



THE HOTEL I'oXCi: DE LEOX. 




r HAS ever been the fashion in describing St. Augustine lo lay 
emphasis on the Spanish character of the town. With the one 
exception of the fort, however, no specially notable example of 
Spanish architecture was to be founil here. The streets were 
as narrow and irregular as those of Toledo, and the houses were 
small and bare. The Spanish Governor's residence, the Fran- 
ciscan convent and the cathedral have been made much of; but 
they owed their distinction to greater size, rather than to any 
beauty of design or adornment, to set them apart from the pre- 
vailing style of buildings, whose severity of type they followed. 
Though the town was during successive reigns the most important holding of Spain 
in North .\merica, the (iovernor's residence reflected none of the magnificence of the 
Royal Palace of Madrid. The convent had nothing suggestive of the richly endowed 
monastic institutions in Spain, as, ff)r instance, that of San .^gustin, renowned for its 
Murillos and its superb memorials of the Ponce de Leon family. 'l"he catheilral had 
no nave like that of Santa Maria the pride of Leon, no windows of glass painted by a 
Holanda, no railings carved by an .\ndino, nor plate wrought by a Vandolino. Florida 
yielded to Spanish gold seekers no treasure for the building of massive cathedrals like 
that founded by Cortez on the site of the Temple of the Montezumas in Mexico. 
Throughout the entire period of its rule from .Madrid, the town appears to have 
been always poor, as the Boucaniers found it in the middle of the seventeenth 
century. There are no records of any former architectural magnificence. 

And yet no natural conditions were wanting. The sky above St. Augustine 
arches as delicately blue and soft as that of Seville; the sunlight here is as warm and 
as golden as that which llot)ds the patios of Spanish .\lcazars; the Florida heavens 
are as radiantly brilliant by night and the full moon floats as luminous above the 
southern Atlantic coast as where the pinnacles and minarets of Valencia glitter in its 
beams on the Mediterranean shore. .\dd to these natural adaptations the historic 
associations, all of which were of Spain and the Spaniards, and there is little room 
for wonder that when strangers came here they looked for some architectural monu- 
ments, other than gloomy fortifications, to commemorate the dignity and pride of the 
ancient Spanish rule. Position, climate, history — here were the possibilities. They 
waited only an appreciative recognition, to which should be added the purpose and 
the means to prove them. In due time that recognition came. 



32 The Standard Guide. 

Among those who as tourists found their way to St. Augustine, not many winters 
ago, was Mr. Henry M. Flagler of New Vork. He recognized the possibilities of the 
place, and happily resolved to make them good. His scheme for doing this was 
generous and far-reaching. It provided for nothing less than the building of a 
palace, with towers, courts, fountains, loggias antl cool retreats, to be set amid 
appropriate surroundings, in design to embody the beauties of Spanish architecture, 
with decoration suggestive of the history of Florida and St. Augustine, and every 
detail of construction, adornment and appointment befitting its position here in the 
city, whose patent had come three centuries ago from the sovereign of the proudest 
dominion on the globe. The projected structure was not to have the seclusion of a 
private home, but as a hotel it should give greater impress to the town. Built within 
sound of the surf on the Florida shore first sighted by Fonce de Leon, and with 
towers overlooking the sea, it should be called in honor of that redoubtable knight 
and discoverer, whose romantic quest made his name typical of the adventurous and 
chimerical spirit of his age. And as the bastions and watchtowers of Fort Marion 
were significant of the military prowess of the si.xteenth-century Spain- — the Spain 
of Philip II. and .Menendez, so this new structure, the Hotel Ponce de Leon, should 
in the beauty and harmony of its parts, furnish a token of that other Spain, the 
mother of artists and architects and cunning craftsmen. A beautiful dream this; 
and one, perhaps, not undreamt before; but if it had come to others, it was only 
as the baseless fabric of a castle in the air, whose lovely vision had flushed in the 
rosy light of imagination and then dissolved into unreality, as the glory of the 
Southern sunset so quickly merges into night. It was the happy fortune of this 
dreamer to transform the shadowy pleasure-dome of fancy into substantial, concrete 
reality. 

The architects to whom the scheme was imparted and the execution of it 
intrusted, caught its spirit and entered upon their task with the enthusiasm born of 
a ready sympathy. The style most appropriate was manifestly to be sought in the 
architecture of Spain, and must be Spanish, not Moorish. For between the Spaniards 
and the Moors in Spain burned the race feuds of centuries, and Spanish architects 
abhorred Moorish forms. If then its spirit and purpose were to be carried out, the 
Hotel Ponce de Leon must not share the " plaster glories " of the Alhambra, its 
motlels must embody creations distinctively Spanish. Selection was made of the 
Spanish Renaissance, and this was well chosen, for it was that style whose development 
coincided with the most glorious period of Spanish history. It was in the ever 
memorable age when the Moors had been e.xpelled from Granada and all Spain was 
united under Ferdinand and Isabel, when Spanish explorers were conquering 
America, into the treasury of Spain was flowing the wealth of the Indies, and the 
empire was at the zenith of opulence and power — that Spanish architecture found its 
highest expression in Renaissance forms. It was in the epoch-making years when 
Columbus gave to Ferdinand and Isabel a new world, that P)iego de Siloe planned 
the Cathedral of Granada, in whose magnificent Capilla Real the sculptured effigies 
of those sovereigns repose. \\'hile Gortez and Pizarro were looting the Sun temples 
and in their greed obliterating the monuments of civilizations in Mexico and Peru, 



34 Tlic Standard Guide. 

Spanish architects were building cathedrals and universities and royal courts, Yandel- 
vira at Jaen, Pedro Gumiel at Alcala in Aragon, and Mechuca and Berreguete at 
Granada. The beginning of the Spanish Renaissance, too, was in the years of Ponce 
de Leon and the discovery of Florida; its glory had not passed when our old Florida 
town was established. None more fitly chosen then; nor unless architectural style be 
wholly meaningless could the purpose of the hotel architects have been so well attained 
with any other. And since history is so largely a chronicle of wars and conquests, and 
the records of the early years of St. Augustine have in them so much that is dark 
and cruel and forbidding in Spanish character, we ought to be grateful both for the 
generous enterprise which planned this architectural adornment of the city, and for 
the good taste which has embodied in that adornment a reminder of the brighter 
qualities of the Spanish race, its genius and its art. 

The grounds chosen as a site were those which will be readily identified by 
former visitors, when it is stated that they included the Anderson and Ball estates. 
These were and are the most beautiful in St Augustine, with groves of orange and 
lemon, moss-hung lanes, orange archways, mulberries, magnolias and myrtles, palms 
and palmettos, lawns, hedges and rose gardens. Amid these surroundings has 
risen the Hotel Ponce de Leon, imposing in magnitude, graceful in proportions, 
beautiful in design and exquisite in the profusion and richness of its decorative details. 

The general arrangement of the hotel is shown in the illustration on page 29. 
The main structure is built on three sides of a quadrangular court, on the fourth 
side of which extends a one-story portico, with a gateway in the center. The front- 
age on the Alameda is 380 feet, the depth on Cordova street 520 feet. The inclosed 
court is 150 feet square. The main building with the court covers an area of four 
and one-half acres, the dining hall and the other buildings one and one-half acres 
more. The towers rise 165 feet against the sky. The hotel has 450 room.s. These 
are figures of magnitude; and yet so beautiful is the composition, so true are the 
proportions, so varied the outlines, that the vast size is not at first comprehended 
nor thought of. Only after familiarity do we gain a conception of the magnificent 
distances. Moreover, simply to regard it as a great inn, even though as one unsur- 
passed for elegance and luxury, is to take an inadequate view of the Ponce de Leon. 
A vast caravansary indeed, but first and chiefly an example of architectural design, 
commanding admiration and repaying careful study; its qualities to be appreciated 
aright only by those who can estimate them by some other measure than the ordinary 
American standards of bigness and cost. 

As we approach the hotel, attention is first attracted to the graceful towers, then 
to the great dome and its copper lantern, and then to the broad roofs with their red 
crinkled tiles and their dormer windows, the porticoes, loggias, and the corner turrets 
carried up into low towers with open galleries and overhanging roofs. 

The main material is the shell concrete, which has been described in the fore- 
going chapter; and the hotel thus partakes of the monolithic character of concrete 
buildings. Brick is used in the arches and window jambs; and the corbels, balconies 
sad ornaments are of terra-cotta. 

The color effects are in the highest degree pleasing. The prevailing tint is the 



' ; 



e -.^.?m^--^ 




■'f »"?•,■.••■•' 



■. .< ■• '^^^■•■''iWpr^ •,,■■. ' .• ■ 



36 The Standard Guide. 

delicate pearl-gray of the concrete, which turns to a blue in the shadows, and serves 
most admirably to set off the red brick work, the bright salmon of the terra-cotta, 
and the glowing red of the Spanish roof tiles. The shades harmonize deliciously. 
It is worth while, too, to note the entire absence of paint, and that the color effects 
of the exterior are all secured by the inherent shades of the materials of construction. 
This rule likewise prevails in the court, which, in keeping with the Spanish Renais- 
sance style, is more highly decorated than the outer walls; and again in the marbles 
and woodwork of the interior. 

From no point of view are the e.xternal forms and colors other than pleasing; 
there are no blank sheer walls, nor any unfinished sides to hide; everywhere is com- 
pleteness, and everywhere dignity and grace of outline. Thus viewed from without, 
the hotel is a structure whose architectural merits are not fully comprehended on the 
instant. The effects vary with the hours; all day long the changing lights and the 
play of the shadows reveal new combinations of beauty, and when illuminated at 
night the hotel is still a delight to the eye. For the Ponce de Leon, it must be 
remembered, is a. true work of art, and like every creation of cultivated taste, it 
improves with study, and growing on one commands renewed admiration the longer 
it is contemplated. 

If this is true of the general impression, when one looks upon it from the Ala- 
meda, or from the west through the green foliage of orange and oak, much more is 
it true when we come to study the details of construction and decoration within. As 
we have said, the dream of the projector of this palatial structure did not end with 
the erection of a richly appointed and lu.\urious hotel; his purpose reached beyond 
this and demanded that as the shell material of the walls was found here on Anastasia 
Island, and the hotel was in its very structure to be of St. Augustine, so in their dec- 
oration the walls should speak as with a thousand tongues of Spanish St. Augustine 
and its storied past. The architects and artists spent two years in perfecting these 
details; and how successfully their task has been accomplished will be seen on a 
closer examination. We shall miss a full appreciation of the merits of their work, 
unless we bear constantly in mind the historical theme they have sought to illustrate; 
the significance of the adornments are not to be comprehended b)^ one who is igno- 
rant of or wholly indifferent to the chronicles of St. Augustine. 

The historic symbolism of the decoration is to be observed at the very gateway 
of the court. The entrance, in the center of the one-story portico, on the Alameda, 
is designated by two independent gateposts, on each one of wnich, carved in high 
relief, is a lion's masque. It is the heraldic lion of Leon, that sturdy Spanish town 
which so long and so bravely withstood the Moors; and an emblem, too, of the 
doughty warrior, Juan Ponce de Leon, proclaimed in his epitaph '-a lion in name and 
a lion in heart." These posts have highly finished capitals in Spanish Renaissance 
patterns. The full-centered arch of the gateway is surmounted by a heavy over- 
hanging roof; and in the deep coves of the eaves are arched panels filled with ara- 
besques and tracery in richly-tinted faience. Above, repeated in the spandrels of the 
panel arches, is the stag s head, the sacred totem of Seloy. 



38 The Siandard Guide. 

Without the council hall, aloft on its staff was the effig)' of an antlered stag, looking out over the 
ocean toward the sunrise. For annually, at the coming of spring, the people of Seloy selected the skin 
of a huge deer, stuffed it with choicest herbs and decked it with fruits and flowers; and then bearing 
it with music and song to the appointed spot and setting it up on its lofty perch, consecrated it as a 
new offering to the Sun god, that because of it he might smile upon the fields and fructify the planted 
seed and send to his children an abundant harvest — 0/J SI. Augtisliiu-, " IVie Huguenots in Florida." 

Passing beneath the raised portcullis of the gateway and through the portico, we 
enter the fountain court, a deUcious mass of foliage in many shades of green, with 
tropical plants, waving plumes, brilliant flowers, and a fountain plashing in the center. 
On the north side of the court, directly opposite the gateway, is the grand en- 
trance; and in the centers of the wings, east and west, are other entrances. From 
the gateway and the entrances walks converge to the fountain in the center, and are 
intersected by another circular walk, which runs around the court. The whole area 
is thus divided into garden terraces of geometric patterns, after the Spanish manner. 
The court is surrounded by arcades, whose pillars and arches give them the char- 
acter of cloistered walks. Rooms open upon the arcades, vines clamber over their 
arches, and easy chairs invite to repose. The ranges of windows in the second story 
are broken, in the spaces above the doorways, by arched open balconies; and around 
the third story, just beneath the overhanging roof, is a continuous loggia, whose 
carved woodwork is in pleasant contrast with the masonry. Still higher, in the great 
red roofs, are the rows of dormer-windows, giving a cosy, home-like character to the 
whole composition, and suggesting swallows under the eaves, although there are no 
swallows here. The central dome of the main building is one of the distinguishing 
features of the Spanish Renaissance, and the open arcaded story at the top was with 
the architects of that period a favorite device to secure lightness and deep shadows. 

Turn which way we will in the court, there are charming combinations of light 
and shade; the general effect is restful; there are cool inviting vistas everywhere. 
Here, where the sun shines in winter as in summer, the architects have improved 
every opportunity to make the most of shadow effects; and the overhanging roofs, 
affordmg grateful shade, are repeated ,^gain and again. 

From the gateway of the court the majestic towers are seen for the first time in 
their full proportions. The towers are square, with a balustrade about the top, and 
from the upper platform is carried up a round tower, with high conical roof, sur- 
mounted by an elaborate metal finial. Each side of the square tower is pierced .near 
the top with an arched window, opening upon a flat corbelled balcony, with a low 
projection. These windows remind us of the balconies of Mohammedan mosques; 
and from thein, at morning, noon or nightfall, we might almost e.xpect to hear the 
muezzin's call to prayer. Above these windows is an open gallery of observation. 
The massive and donjon character, which towers of this magnitude might easily 
have, has been entirely avoided, and their chief characteristic, considering the size, 
is an airy lightness entirely in keeping with the remainder of the composition. The 
shadow and color combinations, as the eye follows the statel)' tower to the bright 
metal tip, 165 feet against the blue sky, are changeful and effective. 

Crossing the court, past the fountain — which is a well-ordered combination of 



The Standard Guide. 39 

marble, stone and terra-cotta. the shaft being of terra-cotta inlaid with marble mosaics, 
surrounded with grotesque frogs and turtles and other water creatures in the basins, 
all spouting water in different directions — we ajiproach the grand entrance. This is a 
full-centered arch, twenty feet wide. .Vround the face of the arch, in a broad band, 
carved in relief on a row of shields, a letter to a shield, runs the legend. Ponce de Leon. 
Garlands depend from the shields, which are sujiported by mermaids. This is an- 
other suggestion of the sea as the source whence came the shell composite of the hotel 
walls; and also of the sea as the field of his achievements whose name is here in- 
scribed. The suggestion is further emphasized in the shell-patterned diaper in the 
spandrels of the arch, and yet again in the marine devices of the coats-of-arms on the 
two shields. To complete the composition of the doorway, there are above the main 
arch si.\ small full-centered arches, in pairs, carrieil on spirally-tluted columns. About 
each pair of arches is an elaborate belt moulding, which is also carried down in vert- 
ical lines on each side of the main door, terminating in corbels at the springing line 
of the arch. On either side of the iloor is a circular window of stained-glass of geo- 
metric pattern. 

The other eiitraiues, on the east and west, shoiikl have attention before we leave 
the court. In the wall, on each side of the doorway, is a deep fountain niche, with 
the top carried up into pinnacles, which give fine shadow effects. The water issues 
from the mouth of a dolphin. Above the door, in the key of the arch, is a shield 
with a shell device, and meilallions with Spanish proverbs occupy the s|)andrels. As 
in the main entrance, the composition of the doorway is completed by arched open- 
ings above; the arches are carried on similar spirally-fluted columns, and there are 
elaborate belt mouldings. The dolphins of the fountain niches have special appro- 
priateness; they are not only typical of the sea, but have a local significance as well, 
for the bay of St. Augustine once bore the name River of Dolphins, given it by 
Laudonniire, the Huguenot captain, who anchored his ships here in 1564 (see p. 75). 
The allusion to the sea, in the dolphins and the shells, is a motive repeated again and 
again throughout the hotel; even the door-knobs are modeled after shells. 

The garlands and Cupids on the window caps and the other decorations and orna- 
ments of the court deserve a more minute description, but their elaborateness and pro- 
fuseness forbid more than just an indication of tiiem. The amount of wall space is 
so enormous that it was impossible to treat all the surfaces with like richness; this led 
the architects to distribute the ornamentation and make it very rich, thus forming the 
most hapi)y contrasts, really producing all the effect that it was possible to obtain, 
and avoiding the fault of over-decoration. 

Standing in the doorway of the main entrance and looking through the pillars of 
the vestibule to the caryatides of the rotunda, and beyond them to the marble columns 
at the entrance of the dining hall, we begin to have some conception of how rich and 
palatial is the hotel. The vestibule opens upon a corridor, surrounding a rotunda 
which occupies the great central space of this main building. On the right a broad 
hall leads past the hotel office to various public rooms; another on the left leads to 
the ground parlor; and directly opposite, a broad marble stairway ascends to the 
dining hall. The pavement of vestibule, corridor and rotunda is a mosaic of tiny 



4° The Standard Giiide. 

bits of marble, laid in Renaissance manner. The wainscoting of the vestibule is of 
choice Nuniidian marbles imported from Africa; that of the corridor is of quartered 
oak. Marble fireplaces of generous dimensions give an air of welcome, and all the 
suggestions are of hospitality and comfort. 

In composition and decoration the rotunda is a marvel of grace and beauty. 
The ipj_mense dome is supported by four massive piers and eight pillars of oak, carved 
into caryatides of life size, cut from the solid quartered wood, and terminating in 
fluted shafts. The sylph-like figures have laughing, mischievous faces, and a won- 
drous semblance of life. They are in groups of four, standing back to back; and so 
graceful are the forms, so light and airy the poses, we forget the tremendous weight 
they' are supporting. The rotunda is four stories in height, forming arcades and 
galleries at each story whose arches and columns are of different designs. These 
galleries overhang each other, and are supported by decorated vaults forming pene- 
trations. The effect is most pleasing, as one looks up through the entire open space, 
to the great circular penetration in the vault of the dome, sixty-eight feet above. 

While the decorations here are true to the Spanish Renaissance style, the motives 
for them have been found in the Spain and the Florida of the sixteenth century; the 
symbolism is of the spirit of that age and the impulses which then held sway. 
Painted on the pendentives of the cove ceiling of the second story, are seated female 
figures typical of Adventure, Discovery, Conquest and Civilization. Four other 
figures, which are standing, represent the elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. The 
paintings are in oil on a silver ground; the colors are rich and varied, and the ac- 
cessories chosen with excellent taste. In the four subjects last named the com- 
position is completed with arabesque figures of appropriate designs; and the several 
backgrounds are scattered with distinctive emblematic devices. 

Adventure wnd^rs a cuirass and in her helmet an eagle's crest. She holds a drawn 
sword. The pose is eager and alert; the features and the bearing denote reckless 
enterprise, courage, readiness to encounter peril, and the resolution which overcomes. 
The emblems on the background are arrows radiating in different directions. 

Discovery is robed in drapery whose blue is the blue of the sea. In her right 
hand is held a globe, the other rests upon a tiller. The pose of the head and the far 
reaching gaze are as if with swelling heart she were surveying the outstretched ex- 
panse of a newly-revealed continent. The emblertis are sails. 

Conquest, clad in martial red, with helmet and cuirass of mail, firmly grasps an 
upright sword, significant of might and war-won supremacy. The look in her face is 
of exultant mastery, grim consciousness of power, and a purpose inexorable. On the 
background are daggers. 

Civilization is clothed in white and wears a crown. In her lap is an open book, 
the symbol of knowledge. Her face has the repose of dignity and benevolence. The 
background reveals the repeated figure of the cross, suggesting the civilizing in- 
fluences of Christianity. 

Earth is represented as of dark complexion and is clad in robes of russet. She 
extends a horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and the bounties of the earth; and 
by gracefully floating ribbons holds captive two peacocks, the most gorgeous birds of 



The Standard Guide. 4^ 

the earth, as distinguished from those of the air. Snails are the devices on the 
background. 

Air is an etiierial form, witii winged heels, fair hair and diaphanous drapery 
of a very pale blue tint which fades at times almost into absence of color. One hand 
restrains the fligiu of two magnificent eagles, and in the other are lightly held dande- 
lion downs, reatly at a breath to spring into the air and float away on the zephyrs. 
This is one of the most charming conceits in the whole scheme of decoration. The 
emblems on the background are dragon-flies and butterflies. 

The figure of /'//r, auburn-haired and clothed in drapery of glowing red, stands 
amid tongues of flame and holds on high a blazing torch. The arabesques are sal- 
amanders, embodying the only life fabled to live in fire. The emblems are flames. 

In sharp contrast with these brilliant hues arc the marine tints which predominate 
in the pictured fancy of Water. She is fair-skinned and fair-haired; her robes are 
of a very pale green and white; and she stands in a shell to which sea- mosses are 
clinging. With ribbons she controls two prancing sea-horses, emblematic of the 
ocean's restlessness and might. On the background are starfishes. 

The decorations in the penetrations are lyres with swans on either side. The 
lyres are surmounted alternately by a ma.sque of the Sun god of the P'lorida Indians, 
and by the bailge of the most illustrious order of Spanish knighthood, the Golden 
Fleece, depending from its flint-stone surrounded by flames of gold. Where this ap- 
pears, the design of the border is the Collar of the Golden Fleece, the chain of double 
steels interlaced with flint-stones. 

Below in the spandrels of the corridor arches is seen the stag's head, barbaric 
emblem of sun-worshipping Seloy. Shields bear the arms of the present provinces 
of Sjiain, and on cartouches are emblazoned the names of the great discoverers of 
America. Cornucopias are favorite forms here, as elsewhere throughout the hotel. 

The decorations do not end with this story. The upper dome is modeled in 
high relief; around its base dances a band of laughing Cupids; between these 
figures are circular openings; and the vault above is all modeled with delicate iracery 
of pure white and gold effects; casques and sails signify the military and maritime 
achievements of Spain; and the crown of the dome is surrounded with eagles. 

A broad stairway of marble and Mexican onyx leads from the corridor to a landing, 
from which is entered the passage leading to the dining hall. In delightfully antique 
letters set in mosaic in the floor of the landing, is the aptly chosen verse of welcome, 
taken from Shenstone: 

Whoe'er has travell'd life's dull round, 
Where'er his stages may have lK.-en, 
May sigh to think he still has found 
The warmest welcome at an inn. 

From this landing, stairways of oak lead to the rotunda and halls above. The wain- 
scoting of the stairways is of Verona and pink Numidian marble; and above this, set 
in the walls, in frames of oak, are two paintings, "The Landing of Columbus," and 
"The Introduction of Christianity to the Huns by Charlemagne." The passage 
♦.o the doors of the dining hall is beneath a beautifullv chiseled arch of Verona 



42 The Standard Giiidc. 

marble, of a deep red color; and in the spandrels are mosaic patterns of Numidian, 
Verona and Sienna marbles, and African and Mexican onyx. A font-shaped bal- 
cony projects above, supporting a musicians' gallery, which overlooks both the 
rotunda and the dining room. This balcony is of Verona marble, and the railing is 
delicately carved in oak. Here again note that the effects of elegance and richness 
are not secured by surface paint, but by the employment of materials in which those 
qualities are inherent. 

The dimensions of the dining hall are magnificent. It has an area of 90 by 150 
feet; and there are seats for 800 guests. The main hall, 90 feet square, is divided 
from two semi-circular alcoves on the east and west ends by rows of oak columns. 
These columns support a great elliptical barrel-vault, and the clerestory is pierced with 
stained-glass windows, forming penetrations. The ceiling is 36 feet measured from 
the floor to the ape.x of the vault. The rounded ends of the alcoves have great bay- 
windows. Two musicians' galleries overhang the hall, one on the north and one on 
the south. In its wealth of adornment this hall is the pride and masterpiece of 
the hotel. Beauty of form, which everywhere charms the eye, is supplemented by 
richness and harmony of color, and these in turn by the good taste shown in the 
choice of themes for the decoration. Of the work which has here been lavished, 
on every side, by loving hands, no just appreciation can be had except after repeated 
study of the details, and no description of it can be made fully intelligible without 
the aid of illustrations. The light is mellowed in its passage through the stained- 
glass windows of the clerestory and through the magnificent masses of stained and 
clear leaded glass which make up almost the entire ends of the rounded extensions. 
The prevailing shade is a creamy yellow, variety being secured by the different colors 
employed in the decorations. 

On each end, north and south, of the central hall is a high wainscoting in antique 
oak of choice grains. Above this, on a ground of blue green, is a panel of dancing 
Cupids, with roguish faces and outstretched hands, representing the feast; some ex- 
tend clusters of luscious grapes, and bread and cups of wine in welcome to the 
guests, while others ladle steaming olltx from great Spanish caldcrons. On the wall 
above are pictured ships of Spain, with sails full set and gracefully waving streamers 
and pennants; they are the high-pooped Spanish caravels of the sixteenth century, 
just such vessels as that in which came Ponce de Leon to Florida in his search for 
the fountain. In the key of the arch over the musicians' balcony is a shield bearing 
an heraldic device, with legend, "P de L — 1885-1887." Dancing girls support the 
shield, and outside of these are figures of Fame blowing trumpets. Four mermaids 
one in each corner, support the border which goes over the ends of the ceiling. 
On the yellow surface of the vault are delicate arabesques traced in various colors 
and gold and silver. 

On the pendentives between the stained-glass windows, allegorical paintings 
represent the Four Seasons. They are female figures, winged to typify their 
rapid flight ; and the two different fancies present a dual conception of each 
subject. In grace of form not less than in their admirable color effects these paint- 
ings are as worthy of careful study as were those of the rotunda. For his colors the 



44 The Standard Gtiide. 

artist has gone to nature. The pale draperies of Spring reflect the delicate green 
shades of the fresh May foliage; in one fancy she is pictured as sowing grain; in the 
other she holds spring flowers and a branch with bursting buds. The draperies of 
the figures of Summer are bright with color; in one fancy the accessories are a sheaf 
of wheat and a sickle; in the other luxuriant summer verdure. Autumn is given 
russet robes; one figure with bunches of purple grapes represents the vintage; the 
other dancing, with a tambourine, the merry-making of the harvest home. In the 
paintings of Winter the colors are rich and warm; the two aspects of the season 
here depicted are its hardships and its festivities; the first figure, warmly clad, with 
bright scarf and closely muffled hood, bears an axe and a bundle of fagots; the 
other partially draped is bringing in the boar's head. 

In the ceiling, on a becoming ground of gold, are seen Spanish proverbs, pithy 
saws and admonitions to the guests below. Among them are these: Change of 
pasture makes fat calves. — The ass that brays most eats least. — Old friends and old 
wines are the best. — Good wine needs no bush. To these might well have been added 
that saying current among the Spaniards, in which is expressed their affectionate 
esteem of St. Augustine — Never an olla without bacon nor a sermon without St. 
Augustine. 

The chief decorative design in the flat ceiling of the alcoves gives a concise 
historical summary in the form of a pictograph. The general scheme is an adapta- 
tion of the picture-writing of the American Indians— that system of hieroglyphics 
cut in the wasting bark of trees, or carved on the face of the enduring rock, 
there to remain long after the tribes whose exploits they recounted should have 
been swept from the earth. The primitive characters were simple and rude, but 
to the initiated they were as full of meaning as to us the glowing pages of the 
printed book. Now, to the deft artist give for a worthy theme the romantic history 
■of Florida and St. Augustine; and let it be required of him to chronicle the story in 
picture-writing after the Indian style, but in characters refined and dignified and 
:given symmetry and beauty of color — and you have the record as it is written here in 
letters of brown on a gold background. The theme was deserving of treatment as by 
one who loves his art, and in such fashion indeed has it been done. Here, sweeping 
along under full sail, is a Spanish galleon, the ship of Ponce de Leon, the first that 
came to these shores. May it not have been that in the eventful year of 15 12, some 
Indian here in the village of Seloy recorded on a palmetto trunk the strange vision of 
this same ship ? Other caravels mark the expeditions of Pamphilo de Narvaez, in 
1527, and Hernando de Soto, in 1539. Ships with all sail set signify a successful 
voyage; dismasted hulks stand for disaster and shipwreck; several ships together a 
large fleet; forts a permanent settlement; the several nationalities are designated by 
their distinctive heraldic devices— the Fleur-de-lis of France for the Huguenots, 
the Lion and Castle of Spain for Menendez. A sword, skulls and crossbones 
commemorate the pitiful death of Jean Ribault and his fellows at Matanzas; a 
hand holding a dagger, and the Fleur-de-lis again, record the vengeance of 
Dominique de Gourgues. Ships and cannon mark the assaults by Drake and 
Davis, and the bombardments and sieges by Moore and Oglethorpe. The sue- 



The Standard Guide. 



45 



cessive changes of supremacy, Spanish, British, Spanish again, and finally that of 
the United States, are indicated by the national emblems, the American coat-of-arms 
closing the record at the cession of Florida to the Uniteii States in 1821. Arabesque 
designs of sea-horses, ridden by sea-sprites, surmount the cartouche and emphasize 
the ever-recurring suggestion of the sea as a field of enterprise and endeavor. Among 
the other decorations of these ceilinjis are the signs of the Zodiac, painted in antique 




<fK)I.. INVITIN<; VISTAS. 



green on a gold ground. In the jienetrations and on the jjendeniives appear the arms 
of the ancient provinces of Spain, with candelabra and other designs; and supporting 
these candelabra are arabesques of mermaids ami mermen. 

But a truce to this telling of history in decoration. Most people do not want 
history, not even from the artist's brush; with them the hints are unheeded, the sugges- 
tions without meaning. He makes a shrewder bid for poi)ular appreciation, who gives 
us fupids and birds and garlands. That is something we can all understand; and of 
all the interior decorations of the Ponce de Leon, the shopkeepers will tell you, no 
others arc so popular as the Tojetti frescoes on the ceilings of the parlors, two of 
which are reproduced in these pages. 



46 The Standard Guide. 

The grand parlor is a magnificent room 104X53 feet. Tlie effect of grandeui 
which attaches to a room of such dimensions, is happily supplemented by the dis- 
position of piers and arches, which break up the parlor into easy corners. The walla 
and decorations are in ivory-white and gold, with Cupids and garlands and filmy 
drapery amid the clouds in the corner ceilings. Note of the rich furnishings of the 
parlor is foreign to the purpose of this chapter, but the visitor will not fail to notice 
the carved mantle with its clock of transparent Me.vican onyx, and the numerous 
paintings. There are other paintings in the upper corridors of the rotunda, whose 
subjects have been taken from Florida history; among them is an interesting and 
authentic portrait of the Seminole chief Osceola. 

There yet remain many features of the hotel deserving of special mention did 
space permit; and there are others which should have detailed description, were it 
the intent here to set forth the character of the building as a hotel with relation to 
the entertainment of guests. The design of these pages is, however, only to hint of 
the successful way in which the architects and artists have carried out the original 
plan and spirit of the Ponce de Leon, and to emphasize the justice of the claim that 
their work in its completion is of a character which appeals to higher than sybaritic 
tastes. 

The architects of the Hotel Ponce de Leon were Messrs. Carrere and Hastings, 
of New York. The frescos and mural decorations are by Mr. Thomas Hastings and 
Mr. George W. Maynard, assisted by Mr. H. T. Schladermundt. 

The balconies of the main tower command a prospect of many miles. Thence 
one may look to the east where roll the breakers on the bar, to the soutii where shine 
in the afternoon sun the walls of the old Spanish fort at Matanzas inlet, and to the 
west where winds the St. Sebastian. Below and on every side are the variegated 
shades of green which are the glory of Florida. If, as we have said, the grace of 
these towers has added a new charm to the town, surely they have been set amid no 
unworthy surroundings. Long search would have been required to discover for the 
Ponce de Leon a more fitting site than here in orange-embowered St. Augustine. 



On tlie south side of the Alameda opposite the Ponce de Leon is the .\icazar, an 
adjunct of the hotel, and in architecture a fitting complement of it. The Alcazar, 
of the Spanish Renaissance style, was designed by Messrs. Carrere and Hastings. The 
building material is concrete, with terra-cotta ornaments and Spanish roof tiles. 
These give the rich color combinations already described, and the towers, pavilions, 
minarets and overhanging roofs also afford the grateful shadow effects noted. At 
this stage of construction the crescent arcade shown in our illustration has not been 
added, but without it the Alcazar presents an imposing fapade, and the impression of 
immense size is strengthened as the eye follows the line of the countless minarets 
and the broken outline of roofs on Cordova street. The statement has been made 
several times in print that the north fagade is a reproduction of that of the famous 
Alcazar (.\l-kasr, the House of Ctesar) of Seville; but this is incorrect; the two 
fapades bear no resemblance to each other, and the Alcazar, like the Ponce de Leon, 




.' ^1 > 



i 



^ 




i i' 



48 



The Statidard Guide. 



is original throughout. Within is a court of flowers, shrubbery and vines, with an 
ingenious fountain playing in the center. The court — not unworthy to be compared 
with the patios of the Alcazars in Spain — is surrounded by an arcade, upon which 
open shops and offices. Beyond this court are the great swimming pools of sulphur 
water from the artesian wells and of salt water from the bay. South are tennis courts. , 
The group of concrete hotels on the Alameda is completed by the Hotel 
Cordova. The Cordova was designed by Mr. F. W. Smith. In style it does not 
follow the Spanish Renaissance architecture; the suggestions for its heavy walls and 
battlemented towers were found in the strong castles and town defenses of Spain; 
it recalls those architectural monuments of the warring ages of the past; vast piles 
of masonry, which grew with the increments of hundreds of years, amid the conflicts 
of Roman and Goth and Moor and Christian. Thus the archway on the north 
facade, formerly a gateway, flanked by massive towers round and square, was an 
adaptation of the Puerto del Sol, or Gate of the Sun, of Toledo, one of the famous 
remains of the Moorish dominion in Spain. There is something in the strength of 
the Cordova that recalls to old residents of St. .Augustine the coquina defenses 
which once distinguished this locality; opposite the Cordova was the high-walled 
garden of the Spanish Governor with its battery facing the west. The balconies of 
the lower range of windows are the "kneeling balconies" of Seville, so called 
because the protruding base was devised by Michael .\ngelo to permit the faithful 
to kneel at the passing of religious festivals. 




THE CORDOVA. 



FORT MARION. 




ORT MARION is at the north end of the sea-wall 
and commands the harbor. It is not occupied by- 
troops. Open daily (admission free) from 8 A. M. 
to 4 V. M. Afternoon is the most pleasant time for 
visiting the fort. Sergeant George M. Brown, who 
is in charge, will conduct visitors through the case- 
mates. For this service, which is entirely voluntary, a fee 
^^^^.yVj is usually given. The fort, which is the only example of 
■«>lT'*s>-^T,*;f^-> mediaeval fortification on this continent, is a magnificent 

specimen of the art of military engineering as developed at the time of its construc- 
tion. It is a massive structure of cocjuina stone, with curtains, bastions, moat and 
outworks, covering, with the reservation, more than twenty-two acres. 

Surrounding the fort on the three land sides is an immense artificial hill of earth, 
called the g/uc/s. From the crest of the glacis on the southeast, a bridge (i), formerly 
a dnmibridgc, leads across part of the moat to the barbacan. The harbacan is a for- 
tification, surrounded by the moat, directly in front of the fort entrance, which it was 
designed to protect. In the barbacan at the stairway (2) are the Arms of Spain. A 
second bridge (3), originally a drawbridge, leads from the barbacan across the wide 
moat to the sally-port (4), which is the only entrance to the fort. This was provided 
with a heavy door called t\\e. portcullis. On the outer wall, above the sally-port is the 
errutcheon. bearing the Arms of Spain; and the Spanish legend, which read: 

REVX.VNDO EX ESIWX.V EL SEXk 
DON FERNANDO SEXTO Y .SIEXDO 
GOVo« Y CAPn DE ESa C .San AUGn DE 
L.\ FLORIDA E SUS PROYa EL ^L\RESCAL 
DE CAMFO DnALONZO FERXdo HERED.V 
ASI COXCLUIO ESTE CASTILLO EL AX 
OD 1756 DIRI^ENDO las OBR.A.S EL 
CAP IXGXko DX PEDRO DE PROZAS 
Y GAR AY 



Translation: "Don Ferdinand YL, being King of Spain, and the Field Marshal Don Alonzo 
Fernando Hereda being Governor and Captain-General of this place, San Augustin of Florida, and its 
province, this fort was finished in the year 1756. The works were directed by the Captain-Engineer, 
Don Pedro de Brozas of Garay. " 



The Standard Guide. 



SI 



The inscription has been almost obliterated by the elements. Its present condi- 
tion is admirably shown in the illustration on the opposite page. 

At the seconil drawbridge \vc come face to face with the main entrance, surmounted by a tablet 
bearing an inscription am! the Spanish t'oat of Arms. ' It seems to be two dragons, two houses for the 
dragons, and a supply ui mutton hung up below,' said Sara irreverently making game of the royal 
insignia of Spain. — Constamc Fcnimorf Wooisoit. 

Within the fort on the rif^ht of the entrance hall (5) is the old bake room (6), and 
beyond this arc two dark chambers (7 and S), which were jirohably used for storage. 
On the left is the ,;'//i7/r/j' /vcw (7 left). The hall opens upon a large square court 

{103 by 109 feet). Around 
this court are disfmatcs (10), 
or rooms which were used for 
liarracks, messrooms, store- 
rooms, etc. Some of these 
casemates were divided into 
lower and upper apartments. 
To each casemate on the 
west side a beam of light is 
ailmitted through a narrow 
window or cml>rasure, higli 
up near the arched ceiling. 
From the first east casemate 
a door leads back into an in- 
terior dark room (9). From 
the furthest casemate (11) on 
the same side an entrance 
leads back into a dark cham- 
ber (ij), off from which a 
narrow passage leads through 
a wall 5 feet deep into a 
space 6 feet wide; and from 
this a low aperture 2 feet 
square gives access through 
another wall 5 feet deep, into 
an innermost vault or cham- 
ber (14), which is 19JJ feet 
long, 13; j feet broad, and 8 
feet high. The arched roof 
is of solid masonry. 'I'here is no other t)Utlet than the single aperture. This is the far 
famed " (/utigcon " of Fort Marion. It was designed for a powder magazine or a bomb- 
proof. When the fort was in repair the chamber was dry and fit for use as a safe 
deposit for e.vplosives; but when the water from above percolated through the coquina, 
this bomb-proof or powtler magazine became damp and unwholesome. For this 
reason it was no longer used except as a place to throw rubbish into. Then it bred 




PLAN op FORT MARION. 
From Old St. A uguttine. 
X, bridgr from barbacan lo glacis, a. stairway lo barbacan. 3. bridfc over 
moal. 4, sally-port. 5, hall. 6, bake room. 7. 8, dark rooms. 7 (left) guards' 
room. 9, interior dark room, xo, 10, casemates, xi, casemate. ia, interior 
darkroom. X4, bomb proof. 15. chapel. 16. darkroom. loa, treasurer's room. 
lOf, casemate from which Coacoochec escaped. B, bastion. W, water-tower. 



52 The Standard Guide. 

fevers; and finally, as a sanitary measure, the Spaniards walled it up, and the middle 
room (12) as well. They did this in the readiest way by closing the entrance with 
coquina masonry. ^Vhen the United States came into possession of the fort the 
officers stationed here did not suspect the existence of these disused chambers, 
although among the residents of the town were men who had knowledge of them, 
and of their prosaic use as a deposit for rubbish. One of these residents, who was 
still living in 1SS8, related to the writer his recollection of the disused powder maga- 
zine, as he was familiar with it when he was a boy employed at the fort. In 1839 the 




TO-DAV TolCilING llA.MJi Willi V1..MERDAV. 



masonry above the middle chamber caved in, and while the engineers were making 
repairs, the closed entrance to the innermost chamber was noticed, and investigation 
led to its discovery. Refuse and rubbish were found there. The report was given 
out — whether at the time or later — that in this rubbish were some bones. From this 
insignificant beginning the myth-makers evolved first the tale that the bones were 
human; then they added a rusty chain and a staple in the wall — a gold ring on one 
skeleton's finger — instruments of torture — iron cages — a pair of boots — and a Spanish 
Inquisition tale of horror. The guide books of ten years ago were devoted chiefly 
to the dungeon story. Writers from St. Augustine have rung the changes on it; 
we quote some of them and by way of comment add a paragraph from " Old St. 
Augustine:" 



The Standard Guide. 



53 




hOKl MAKIU.N — ^^A^(^11 COAl ul AK.M>. 



54 The Standaid Guide. 

In one of llicm [the two chambers] a wooden machine wa.i found, which some supposed might 
have been a rack, and in the other a quantity of human bones. — William Citllcn Bryant (1S42). 

A human skeleton, with the fragments of a pair of boots and an empty mug for water, it is alleged 
were discovered within. * 't ■» \s to the name, character, standing, guilt or innocence, pleasures 
or pain, of the poor unfortunate to whom the boots and bones belonged, there is silence. — Rev. J\. K . 
Sewall {\'i\'i). 

There was found in one corner of it a human skeleton, the soles of a pair of shoes, and an earthen 
jug and cup. Kot a single other object did its naked, shiny, arched walls cover. — Chas. Lanman (1S54). 

I.egends connected with the dark chambers and prison vaults, the chains, the instruments of tor- 
ture, tlie skeletons walled in, its closed and hidden recesses. — Geo. A. Fairbanks (1858). 

'I'he dungeon which was discovered in eighteen something, where the rock fell in and revealed the 
skeletons of human creatures hung to the walls in iron cages, starved in sight of food and water, barred 
from the breath of heaven by solid masonry. — Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (1S76). 

Chill, black, and dismal as the grave, is this partly underground dungeon, where in 1S35 two 
skeletons were found chained to the wall — victims, no doubt, to some cruel Spanish inquisition. — Lady 
Duffiis Hardy (iSSo). 

Near the- entrance were the remains of a fire, the ashes and bits of pine wood burned off toward 
the center of the pile, in which they had been consumed. Upon the side of the cell was a rusty staple, 
with about three links of chain attached thereto. Near the wall, on the west side of the cell, were a few 
bones. Finding these very rotten, and crumbling to pieces under his toucli, the engineer spread his 
handkerchief upon the floor and brusheil very gently the few fragments of bone into it. These were 
shown to the surgeon then stationed at the post, who said they might be human bones, but were so badly 
crumbled and decayed, he could not determine definitely. Nothing else was found in the cell. — W. II '. 
De-whurst (imi). 

This tale of the bones in the dungeon was formerly received with the eager credence that the early 
e.\plorers gave to the rumors of gold mines in Florida; but in later years, although the makers of sensa- 
tional guide books cling tenaciously to the dungeon relics, skeptics have arisen, who deny the truth of 
the story. They probably are right. It is of no moment. The fault lies not in the story of St. Augus- 
tine's three centuries, but in its telling, if the chapters of this book have not shown that the romance 
investing Fort Marion does not center about the alleged discovery of human bones in its walled-up 
chambers, and needs not to be groped for with a torch in subterranean passages. The incident even 
if true might well be spared. AVho thinks otherwise, has strangely misread the history of the changing 
fortunes which transformed the Indian council house into the fort of logs, and have converted Spain's 
proudly equipped fortress into this massive pile of crumbling masonry. 

Recall the days vi-hen San Juan de Pinos was the defense of the half-starved Spanish garrison; and 
when of those huddled within the stockades, one and other braver than the rest, ventured out beyond 
the lines for fish or game, and falling before the blow of the lurking savage, came never again. 
Remember those long years of miser)-, w-hen Indian slave, English prisoner and Spanish convict labored 
beneath the lash of the driver, and w-ith burdensome toil and suffering unspeakable builded their very 
lives into these coquina bastions. Replace the heavy iron gratings of casemate and cell; send home 
the clanging bolt and bar; listen to the piteous pleading of husband for imprisoned wife and of wife 
for imprisoned husband, and hear the shutting to of doors upon manacled wretches, who from the gloom 
of that inner darkness shall never emerge to look upon the sun. Light again in the dim chapel the ever- 
burning lamp before the tabernacle; restore to the niches their images, its cloth to the altar, the water 
to the font; and bring back the pageantry of ceremonial rites, chant of mass and murmur of confes- 
sional. Remember those momentous days, when Castle San Marco — standing here for the very main- 
tenance of Spain in North .\merica — bore the brunt of well concerted assault. Build anew the shattered 
defenses; flood the moat; raise the draw-bridge; let fall the portcullis; mount the guard; fling bravely 
out from the rampart the banner of Castile; and let the artillery belch angry defiance of the hosts under 
the Red Cross. Hear the sharp word of command, the tread of battalions, the rattle of volley and the 



///(• S/iiiidiini CiJiidc. 



55 



screech of cannon ball. Look out, wiili the ramisliinj^ women and children, over the bay and beyond 
the camps of the besiegers on Anastasia, and scan Ihe sia in vain for the coming of a friendly licet; 
after the weeks of famine, hear at last, in the night, the shouts of rescuers, and then, the lessening 
drum-beat of the departing ISritish. Or, since you are an American, recall again those later years, 
when the soldiers of George the Third guarded Fort St. Marks and imprisoned Patriots languished in 
its cells; and keeping weary vij;il with the white-haired Gadsden, let your patriotism kindle and in the 
damp-walled dungeon take on a brigliier glow. So review all the stirring chronicle— 

Of «allie4 and retires, of trencher, lenu. 

Of palisutluc^, fronlicrs, parapets; 

Of b.i«ili»k!^, ofcantiun, culverin. 

Of prisonefH ran&oin'd, and offtoldicrs »lain. 

And .til the 'currents of a heady fight — 

and then may lie known something of that story — which in truth is worthy to be known — of Fort 
Marion in Si. .\ugustine. — "OIJ Si. .Iii^iisthif," J-\<r1 Mutu'ii. 

Hut however commonplace anil practical may have been the real purpose and 
use of these underground chainhers in old times, they are certainly uncanny antl 
mysterious enoug;h now, and when one follows the guide's torch from the dark rooms, 
through the "dungeon crawl," into the last gloomy pent recess, some weird tale of 

hai)less victims eniombeil 
alive harmonizes with the 
flickering torch, the damp 
earthy odor, and the dimly 
seen smoke-begrimed en- 
compassing walls. 

Facing the court on the 
north was the chapel (15). 
Its walls and ceiling and 
altar and niches are bright 
with mould and moss and 
lichen. .Strange mutations 
have come to town and fort 
since the room was dis- 
mantled of its ornaments. 
The elaborate portico of 
the chapel was the most 
pretentious bit of architec- 
ture of the fort: but it has. 
so crumbled away that its 
form can no longer be 
traced. In the wall outside, 
above the chapel door, the 
French astronomers, who 
came here in 1879 to ob- 
serve the transit of Venus, 
have left a marble tablet in 
cHAi'Ki. F.NTRXNCK AND <~ASF.MATEs. commcmoration of the visit. 




56 



The Standard Guide. 



In the northwest bastion is another dark room (i6). Some of these dark 
dunjreons of the fort have been used at different times for the confinement of 



4c 




JJ'-»oKoiif f'07 Wd/cA Tou/^r 



SALI.Y-rORT AND WATCH TOWER. 



prisoners. Patriots from Charleston were confined here by the British in the Revo- 
lution; the Spaniards kept the famous outlaw McGirlh in one of these cells five years; 
and there are old people in St. Augustine to-day who will tell of pallid convicts led 



The Standard Guide. 



from the tort dungeons to execution. At the close of the last war re£ractor>- soldiers 
were punished by solitary confinement in these cells. Casemate \oc is known as 
" Coacoochee"s cell; " and is famous as the one from which that chief escaped. Coa- 

cxxxhe,' and Osceola, two of the most in- 
i-.-^ > tluential chiefs of the Seminoles, in the war 

which began in 1835, were captured, with 
a number of their followers, and nnprisoned 
in the casemates at Fort Marion, whence 
they were to be taken to Fort Moultrie in 
Charleston harbor. Coacoochee resolved 
upon escape. His subsequent account of 
the affair was as follows: 



•\ 




OSCEOl.\. 



nor serious difficulty. To reach the 



J--^^ 



We had been growing sickly from day to day. and 
so resolvett to make our escape, or die in the at- 
tempt. We were in u riiom. eighteen or twenty feet 
V s luare. All the light admitte<.l was through a hole 

embrasure), alx>ut eighteen feet from the Boor. 
1 hrough this we must effect our escape, or remain 
and ilie with sickness. A sentinel was constantly 
posted at the door. .-Vs we looked at it from our 
beds, we thought it small, but believed that, could 
we get our heads through we should have no further 
ios the first object.' In order to effect this, we from time to 

time cut up the for^e-bags allowed us to sleep on, and made them into ropes. The hole I could not 

reach when upon the shoulder of my companion: but while standing upon his shoulder, 1 worked a 

knife into a crevice of the stonework, as far up as I could reach, 

and upon this 1 niised myself to the aperture, when I found that, 

with some reductiou of person. I could get through. In order 

to reduce ourselves as much as possible, we took medicine five 

days. Under the prete.it of being very sick, we w«re permitted 

to obtain the roots we required. For some weeks we watched 

the moon, in order that the night of our attempt it should be as 

dark as possible. .\t the proper time we commenced the medi- 
cine, calculating upon the entire disappearance of the moon. 

The keeper of this prison, on the night determined upon to make 

the effort, annoyed us by frequently coming into the room, ami 

talking and singing. .\t first we thought of tying him and put- 
ting his head in a bag: so that, should he call for assistance, he 

could not be heard. We first, however, tried the experiment of 

pretending to be asleep, and when he returned to pay no regard 

to him. This accomplished our object. He came in, and went 

immediately out; and we could hear him snore in the immediate 

vicinity of the door. 1 then took the rope, which we had secreted 

under our bed. and mounting upon the shoulder of my comrade. 

raised myself by the knife worked into the crevices of the stone, 

and succeeded in reaching the embrasure- Here I made fast the 

rope, that my friend might follow me. 1 then passed through 

the hole a sufficient length of it to reach the ground upon the 

outside (about twenty-five feet) in the ditch. I had calculated co.\coocuEE. 





i 



* f 



^ 



6o 



The Standard Guide. 



the distance when going for roots. With much difficuhy I succeeded in getting my head through; for 
the sharp stones took the skin off my breast and back. Putting my head through first, I was obliged 
to go down head foremost, until my feet were through, fearing every moment the rope would break. 
At last, safely on the ground, I awaited with anxiety the arrival of my comrade. I had passed another 
rope through the hole, which, in the event of discover)-, Talmus Hadjo was to pull, as a signal to me 
from the outside, that he was discovered, and could not come. As soon as I struck the ground, I took 
hold of the signal for intelligence from my friend. The night was verj- dark. Two men passed near 
me, talking earnestly, and I could see them distinctly. Soon I heard the struggle of my companion far 
above me. He had succeeded in getting his head through, but his body would come no farther. In 
the lowest tone of voice, I urged him to throw out his breath, and then tr}'; soon after, he came tumbling 
down the whole distance. For a few moments I thought him dead. I dragged him to some water close 
by, which restored him; but his leg was so lame he was unable to walk. I took him upon my shoulder 
to a scrub, near the town. Daylight was just breaking, it was evident we must move rapidly. I caught 
a mule in the adjoining fiel4, and making a bridle out of my sash, mounted my companion, and started 
for the St. John's River. The mule was used one day, but fearing the whites would track us, we felt 
more secure on foot in the hammock, though moving ver}' slow. Thus we continued our journey five 
days, subsisting on roots and berries, when I joined my band, then assembled on the headwaters of the 
Tomoka River, near the Atlantic coast. 

Coacoochee finally surrendered and was removed to Arkansas, where he took the 
leadership of his people. Osceola was removed to Fort Moultrie, Charleston, where 
shortly afterward he died.* Near the casemate through which Coacoochee made his 
■escape a fig tree is growing from a crevice in the wall. 

From the southeast corner of the court, to the right of the entrance hall, a stone 
-ascent leads up to the platform (or terrepUiii) of the ramparts. This ascent, now a 
series of steps of recent construction, was originally an inclined plane, by which artil- 
lery was raised to the ramparts. 

At the outer angle of each bastion (B) is a sentry box (W), that on the northwest 
(,(25 feet high) being also a watch-toiver for looking to seaward. Distance from corner 




OrXLINE OF FORT MARION. 
A, covered way. B, bastion. C, curtain. G, glacis. I, inclined plane. M, moat. T, watch-tower. W, water battery. 

to corner, 317 feet. The four walls of the fort between the bastions are the curtains. 
There are four equal bastions and four equal curtains. The walls of the fort are 
9 feet thick at base, 4"^ at top, and 25 feet, high, above the present moat level. 
Battlements similar to those on the other sides formerly defended the east (water) 
side of the ramparts. The bastions are filled with earth, and there is no foundation 

* Disputes over the boundaries of the Indian reservations and quarrels over fugitive slaves, which the Seminoles were 
accused of harboring, led to the Seminole War— the most costly and disastrous of the minor wars of the United States At 
the end of seven years, in 1842, the Indians were subdued, captured and transported to the reservation assigned them, where 
the remnant of their tribe yet remains in the Indian Territory. 



The Standard Guide. 



6[ 




MENENUtZ. 



tion; it was built bv the United States in 1842. 



for the rDiiiantic tale of a sub- 
terranean passageway which 
formerly led from the southwest 
bastion to a neighboring con- 
vent. The fort is surrounded 
by a moat, ^o feet wide. It 
was formerly deeper than at 
present, with a perfectly ce- 
mented concrete floor, and was 
flooded from the bay at high 
tide. Running along the outer 
edge of the moat are narrow 
level spaces called cinrreJ-vays; 

1 and wider levels called places- 
o/-itrnis, where artillery was 
mounteil and the troops gath- 
ered, protected by the outer 
wall or parapet, from which 
slopes the glacis. 'I'he fortifi- 
cation of stone {7c<aUr batter)') 
in front is of modern construc- 

The small brick building {hot s/wt 



Jurnace) in the moat between the east curtain and the water dates from 1844. 




SAN JIAN UE PI.VOS. 



62 



The Standard Guide. 






?«^ 














THE SIEGE BY FRANCIS DRAKE. 



In different forms 
and bearing different 
names, St. Augus- 
tine's fort has been 
established more than 
three centuries. For 
two hundred years 
the fort was St. Aug- 
ustine, and St. Aug- 
ustine was Florida. 
The old maps show 
St. Augustine with its 
fortifications as the 
most important point 
in North America; 
and the historians 
have left us many an 
interesting picture of 
the fort in peace and 

war. First a rude and temporary structure of logs, it was e.xpanded in plan and 

magnitude until there developed the stone fortress of 1756. Pedro Menendez, the 

founder of St. Augustine in 1565, utilized the Indian council-house as a defense 

against the threatened attack by the Huguenots from Fort Caroline on the St. John's 

River. After his heartless massacre of the shipwrecked F'rench at Matanzas Inlet, 

the cruel Spaniard stood in just 

fear of the coming of a fleet from 

Spain; and he set about the build- 
ing of a regular fort of logs. This 

was the Fort San Juan de Finos 

shown by Montanus, in his curious 

representation of St. Augustine 

with a background of hills. In 

those days there was a lookout 

tower on Anastasia Island, whence 

the watchers signalled to those in 

the fort the welcome coming of 

ships from Old Spain, or the 

dreaded approach of a hostile 

fleet. A token of weal or woe, in 

those days the signal flag on Anas- 
tasia Island was as eagerly watched 

by the Spaniards ashore as evernow 

the light is looked for by ships at 

sea. In 15S6, twenty years after ix the old d.ws. 



^ Dt-auaht of 




^ The C^stUi 
t. AStcKt Jls'^'^ 






The Standard Ciiide. 



63 



.1 r//;iroi ii.e yvjirA .ma < .\s vi.t: oi s'.mmjustine 

and ihc EKGLISH ClAir before 11 June soi/^aby THO' SILVER 



the town was estal)lislie(l. the lookout attracieii the iiuikc of tlie Enghsh sea-king, 
Francis Drake, saihnjj along the coast with his fleet of high-pooped ships, on liis way 
home from pillaging the cities of the Spanish Main; and he tarried long enough to 
ransack St. Augustine, and destroy by fire -.vhat he could not bear off. In the fort, 

whicii was built of 
huge pine logs, and 
was known to the 
Englishmen as S. 
John's I'"ort, they 
found "thirteene or 
f o u r t c e n e great 
peeces of brass ord- 
inance and a chest 
unbroken up, hav- 
ing in it the value 
of some two thous- 
and pounds sterl- 
ing, by estimation, 
of the King's treas- 
ure, to pay the soul- 
diers of that place, 
who were a hundred 
anil fiftie men." De 
Ury'sspirited sketch 
of the assault, by 
an artist on the spot, 
is copied here from 
the rare original. 
When the Spaniards 
discovered the co- 
quina (shell-stone) 
t] u a r r i e s they 
undertijok the 
building of a fort 
of stone. When the 
dreaded Boucaniers 
descentled upon St. 
Augustine in 1665, 
the fort was not in 
a condition to offer 
resistance, and gar- 
rison and towns- 
people fled in ter- 

TIIF. SIK..E liV OCI.K.IIIORIK. fOI" '"tO the WOOds. 




A Tin eii^^jA Smj^ Tntttii • / >/ i ." rm^/t Marwrt 
B A Mttnh fti—t mtUtuw wr pLttnt mitt .^"'■'^••''•u 
r EuataOr bUud a-Aii-A u .*tt^ u^d A A^/Am 

\ .« «i#tA TWnrA I i^ i 1 W.ft.ir at ^ I Hi »' 

r i>n'0|f1. <T . ''.,1mm./ i S^iidtTf fmu 

(■ 1 Lm-*- ~- t* 




64 



The Standard Guide. 



The walls are built of coquina, which in its day was considered a very excellent 
material for this purpose, since cannon balls would sink into the wall without shatter- 
ing it as they would harder stone. On the sea front of the southwest bastion are a 
number of crevices, which, according to local tradition, were caused by British cannon 
balls from the opposite shore when the fort was besieged by Oglethorpe. 

When the colony of Carolina was established the English grant extended so far 
south that it actually took in St. Augustine. The Spaniards, on the other hand, dis- 
puted England's right to any part of the 
continent whatever, and for the half 
century succeeding, Spanish expeditions 
sailed against the English colonies, and 
British expeditions came against St. 
Augustine. Governor Moore of Caro- 
lina led his forces against the town in 
1 702, but was repulsed and driven back. 
When Oglethorpe brought out his 
( Georgia colony, the Spaniards resented 
the new encroachments upon their ter- 
ritory, and the two colonies were at 
constant war. In 1740 Oglethorpe cap- 
tured the Spanish forts on the St. 
John's, and then, while his land forces 
besieged the town on the north, his 
naval contingent landed on Anastasia 
Island, and for forty days bombarded 
Fort San Marco. The townspeople took 
refuge in the fort, where they nearly 
starved before the siege was finally 
lifted. The Georgia general at length became discouraged and withdrew. 

In those days of crude weapons, the coquina bastions were capable of withstand- 
ing a much more serious attack than that of Oglethorpe's batteries; but the art of war 
has changed since then and Fort Marion's coquina would quickly be shattered by the 
artillery of the present. Shortly after coming into the possession of the United States, 
the fort was named Fort Marion, in honor of the famous Revolutionary hero. General 
Prancis Marion. 

Writing from St. Augustine, William Cullen Bryant critici.secl this as "a foolish change of name." 
But why foolish? If Moultrie is thus honored, and Sumter the " Game Cock," why not Marion the 
"Swamp Fox?" Is it not the veriest romance of history that the Spanish fortress planted here by 
Menendez, the hunter of French Hugucnqts, should at last yield up its saintly name for that of a hero 
in whose veins flowed the blood of other Huguenot exiles? And is it not the final justice of time that 
the British stronghold, within whose dungeons rebellious Patriots were immured, should receive from 
the nation which those prisoners helped to establish, the honored name of one who endured with them 
the perils and privations of its cause, and won with them the final glorious triumph? — " Old St. Augus- 
tine," Fort Marion. 




GENERAL MARION. 



Tlir Standard Guide. 65 

Fort Marion has been dismantled. A ft-w antiquated and long-silent cannon are 
preserved as suggestions of the warlike character of the surroundings, and here and 
there the rusted throat of a half-buried gun breaks the surface of the moat; while on 
the northwest crest of the glacis rejjoses a great cannon, about which cattle peacefully 
browse and children innocently play. 

I like to be alone upon the fort. Beautiful, dreadful, massive thing ! I like to play with it .ts 
ignorantly as a baby with an encyclopxdia. I am grieved when " the season " sets in, and the tourist 
who knows things stands in groups with his wife and daughters, discoursing of the b.istion and the demi- 
lune, of the ramparts and the dungeons, of the exact inscription upon the old. old coat of arms above 
the door (though I don't think he called it the door), which seemed so pretty till I heard him talk about 
it. I don't want to be instructed about that fort. It spoils it all to know everything al>out it. It is 
enough for me to know that I was never in a fort before, and that this (unless it be the ruin at Matanzas) 
is the oldest in the countr)', and that from its summit I can sec the magnificent line of breakers over 
the bar, which shelters .St. .\ugustine so tenderly that she sits almost like an inland city, widowed 
alike from the traffic and the terror of the sea. — Elizahelh Stuart Phtlfs, AlUintU Monthly. 




FORT MARION — lOOKINO SEAWARD. 



Sr, FRANCIS BARRACKS. 




V'\j. 



OMPLEMENTING the battlements and watch-towers of Fort 
Marion on the north, the St. Francis Barracks stand out con- 
spicuously at the south end of the sea-wall facing the Matanzas. 
They are occupied by United -States troops. The out-door 
concerts given by the military band, the dress-parades and the 
guard-mount at sunset on the parade in front of the barracks 
are among the attractions of St. Augustine. 

Almost continuously since it was founded by the mailed 
soldiers of Menendez, St. Augustine has been a military sta- 
tion. Under Spanish rule it was little else than a garri- 
son post. When the British came, they emulated the martial 
spirit of their predecessors, and on the plain south of the town, 
with bricks brought from the banks of the Hudson River, erected a huge barrack, 
which cost a tremendous sum, and shortly after completion went up in smoke. 

St. Francis Barracks take their name from the Franciscan convent, whose former 
site they occupy. The convent was abandoned when Florida was ceded to Great 
Britain in 1763; and when Spain resumed possession of the town, in 1783, it was 
utilized by the Spanish Governor as barracks for his troops. The old building has 
been greatly modified by the United States Government, although not entirely rebuilt; 
and some of the original coquina walls of the convent remain. 

To Florida with the adventurer had come the missionarj- ; one to win treasure, the other to win 
■souls. The gold-seeker returned from his quest chagrined; not so the Franciscan. He found here a 
field vast beyond reckoning; and, waiting to be gathered, a harvest more precious than had been pictured 
in the fondest dream of his pious enthusiasm. The military prestige of Florida soon faded away, but 
year by year its religious importance increased; and ever, with the e.\pansion of his work, the Francis- 
can's zeal grew more intense and his labors more devoted. The country was in time erected into a 
religious province, with a chapter house of the Order of San Francisco at San Augustin; and thence the 
members went forth to plant the standard of their faith in the remotest wilderness. Far out on the 
border of savanna, in the depth of forest, and on the banks of river and lake, by the side of the Indian 
trails westward to the Gulf, north among the villages of Alachua, and south to everglade fastnesses; 
here and there, and everywhere that lost souls were worshipping strange gods, the Franciscan built his 
chapel, intrenched it round about with earthwork and palisade, and gathered the erring children of the 
/orest to hear the wondrous story of the Cross. — " 0/d S/. Aiigiutitu-" The Franciscans. 



A short distance south of the Barracks is the Miiitarv Cemeterv. An admission 



The Standard Guide. 



67 







1' '•.*'■' ' . -^ 

. ^_ ■- ■ * ■ Ih: ri .« I t ■•- 



.■>'*• I 



.}.o ;..«- 







BRITISH ST. AI'crsTlNF.. 
Showing Sea Wall extending to '* The Parade," and Convent on prccni l<arr.icits mi-. 

pass is required and may be had tin application tn the adjutant of the post, whose 
office is opposite tlie Barracks. In the cemetery are the tliree low pyramids of 
masonry forming the tombs of officers and men who lost their lives in the Seminole 
War. The memorial shaft is commonly spoken of as " Dade's Monument," because 
more than one hundred of the soldiers interred here were those who perished in the 
" Dade Massacre." This was one of the most tragic incidents of the Seminole War. 

In .\uf^st, 1S35, Major I'>adc anil a command of troops, no .ill told, were on their way from Fort 
Brooke to lort King. :\\ half past nine o'clock, 1 uesilay morning, .August 2S, they were marching 
through an open pine barren, four miles from the (Ireat Wahoo Swamp. The bright sun w.ts shining: 
flowers bloomed along the path; gay butterflies flitted about them; the silence was broken only by the 
/Eolian melody of the pines. The men were marching carelessly, with no suspicion of danger, where 
surely no foe could lurk. Suddenly, without an instant's warning — from pine, from palmetto scrub, 
^ from the very grass at their feet — burst upon them the shrill 

war-whiKip, the flashing and crackling of rifles, and the whist- 
ling, deadly rain of bullets. Si.xty of the troops fell mortally 
wounded. The rest rallied: trained the cannon, and .tttempted 
10 form breastworks of logs; but in vain. In quick succession, 
one after .-mother, they fell. Had the earth yawned to swallow 
them like the army of Korah, the obliteration could have been 
little more complete. Of the 1 10, three, miserably wounded, 
draggeil themselves away, two soon after to die of their wounds. 
— " Old St. Augustine," The Si'minole. 

The pyramids are stuccoed and devoid of ornamentation. 
- _ - -• • The inscriptions read: " Sacred to the memory of the Dflicers 

■" "^ and Soldiers killed in battle and died on service during the 

Florida War." "This monument has been erected in token of respectful and affectionate remem- 
brance by their comrades of all grades, and is committed to the care and preservation of the garrison 
of St, Augustine," 




HARBOR AND BEACH. 



•-^^ ^' HELTERED by the spit of land called the North Beach, and by 
r^4'^t^^i^^A':' Anastasia Island, St. Augustine's harbor is a sheet of water 
^^^^^f ^^ <■' admirably adapted for pleasure sailing and rowing. These are 
j^^ii^^^^^ i *'■': auKing the staple winter amusements. At the wharves will be 
■g: "^^•'fe. gi§ found a large fleet of sail boats, which are safe and commodious; 
' "; ;!'£''"'•*' ^""^ '•^^y ^'^^ manned by capable and trustworthy skippers, who 
display a high degree of skill in the handling of their boats. 
Most of the craft are of local production, and built on a model peculiar to the harbor. 
Usual rates of hire, 50 cents to $1.00 per hour. In addition to these boats for charter, 
there are usually here in winter sail and steam yachts from the North; and the pri- 
vate craft range all the way from the Minorcan fisherman's dugout (a survival of the 
ancient Florida Indian's rude log boat) and the clumsy wood-scows to the light and 
speedy naphtha launches, now coming into such common use as yacht tenders, which 
dart about the bay with the swiftness of a bird, the grace of a canoe, and the import- 
ance and business air of a steam tug towing a Cunarder. 

An afternoon afloat is likely to prove one of the most pleasant memories of a 
visit to St. Augustine. What with the changing landscape — a shifting panorama of 
water and land and sky — charming views of the town as seen from the bay, bright 
sails in the harbor, and multitudinous forms of marine life, there is always enough to 
interest and amuse. Fort Marion is well worth seeing from the water; the propor- 
tions of the fortification are hardly appreciated until one has approached it from the 
harbor which its artillery once defended. 

Extended excursions may be made to Matanzas; up the North River; and to 
Anastasia Island, Bird Island and the Beaches, called North and South with reference 
to the harbor entrance. North Beach is a term applied to the shores of both ocean 
and harbor and the long narrow spit of land formed by them. Along the shores 
extend irregular lines of sand dunes, which are ever shifting in the wind and chang- 
ing their shape, like the northern snowdrifts they so closely resemble. From the bay 
or from the opposite shore the North Beach presents a scene of rare beauty, with its 
narrow strip of shining silver sand between the blue of the water and the deeper blue 
of the sky. Arrived at the shore, one finds half-buried wrecks and sea-wrack to 
dream over, shells to gather, innumerable forms of curious marine life to investigate, 
and the never ending, always new study of wave motion and color. 



The Standard Guide. 



69 



'r^r.*-;^iife:.tA--A. 




TlIK KRKNCII AT IIIK K1\EK "K DOLPHINS IN 1 563. 



Oh, what shells! Incrciliblo thai ihcy should be selling for large prices by the (|uart, like candy 
in the Boston shops. They lie brilliant, vital, it seems sentient, beneath our touch, like flowers. We 
beach the Elizabeth upon the silver bar, and wander like children among them. At first I object to 
g.-ithcring them, as I do to rifling a garden; and to the last I lind myself turning out of my way to avoid 
stepping upon the perfect and rich-tinted things; as if they had blood and could be hurt. — Elizabtlh 
Sliiart Phelps. 

.At .sunset tlic Florida seashore takes on a peculiar beauty. Surf and beach are 
transplendent with the soft shades and delicate tints of the sky; the atmosphere is 
aglow with color, and there comes to one the novel experience of not alone beholding 
the distant glories of the west, but of actually standing in and being surrounded by 
the effulgence of the dying day. 

But the average St. Augustine skipper is not inclined to linger for sunset effects 
on the North Heach; the one practical consideration with him is that when the sun 
goes down the sea breeze will go down too, and his boat and party will be becalmed; 
experience has taught him the wisdom of an early return to town. 

The porpoises which frequent the harbor in great numbers have always been a 
conspicuous feature of these waters. Away back in 1563, before the Spaniards had 
founded St. Augustine, the French explorers who came here found the porpoises (or 
dolphins) so numerous that they gave to the river the name Rivilre ties Dauphincs. 




land. 



ANASTASIA ISLAND. 



FRONT of the town, between bay and ocean, lies the 
Island of St. Anastasia. It is a favorite resort for excur- 
sion parties, and has many attractions for the tourist. 
The most pleasant time for a visit is the afternoon. The 
route is by ferryboat from Central Wharf and then by 
railway from the opposite shore across to the beach. 
The light-house is usually open to visitors; and when 
convenient to do so, the keeper in charge, or assist- 
ant, will accompany parties to the tower, whence a magni- 
ficent and far-extending view is afforded over sea and 
The lio-ht-house is 150 feet in height from base to light tower, the lamp being 
165 feet above sea level. Eight flights of spiral staircases lead to the tower. The 
light, technically classed as of the first-order, is a fixed white and revolving or flash 
light, (lashing once every 3 minutes, visible 19 miles. The lamp itself is stationary, 
and the actual intensity of its flame does not change. The variability of the light is 
secured by the revolution of a glass lantern provided with a series of powerful lenses 
or gigantic bulFs-eyes, each one sending out a great beam of light. The constant 
and steady beam from each lense revolves with the lantern. From St. Augustine at 
night this beam may distinctly be seen stretching out into the darkness, as it wheels 
in mighty revolutions about the tower. 

The purpose of the variability of the light is to render it distinguishable from 
other lights on the coast. Thus, while the St. Augustine light is a fixed white light 
varied by a flash every 3 minutes, the St. John's River light, the next one north, is a 
fixed white light; and the Cape Canaveral light, the next one south, flashes every 
minute. The black and white spiral stripes, which make the tower look like a gro- 
tesque Brobdingnagian barber's pole, serve to distinguish it from others by daylight; 
the tower of the St. John's River light is red, that of the Cape Canaveral light has 
black and white horizontal bands. 

The present light-house was built in 1872-3, to take the place of an older coquina 
structure, whose ruins may be seen on the shore a short distance northeast. The 
latter has commonly, though incorrectly, been called the "old Spanish light- house." 



The Slaiidc.rd iiitidc. -j i 

Anastasia Island extends from St. Augustine south twelve miles to Matan/.as 
Inlet, where are the picturesque ruins of an old Spanish fort; for this was one of the 
sea approaches to the town, and the Don must needs put a <jarrisi,n Our.- tn 
defenil it. 

The inlet <jf Matanzas takes its name from the S|)ani.-.U word matan..a (.siguiu iiiif 
slaujfhter) in commemoration of the massacre of the Huguenots which occurred here 
in 1565. No event in American history possesses more of tragedy and pathos than 
the martyrdom of these Frenchmen, who hail left their homes in France to estahlish 
in the new world a refuge from the religious persecutions uf their native land, but 




RUINS Or TIIK MATANZAS FORT. 



found in Florula the intolerance Irom which they had (led, and |)erislud at last by 
the hand of a bigot. 

The l-'rench, stationetl at their Fort Caroline, on the River May (St. John's), 
having left a few of their number to garrison the fort, set sail against the Spaniards, 
arrived off the bar of St. Augustine, and were driven to the south by a storm. The 
Spanish leader Menendez then led a force overland to the St. John's, surprised Fort 
Caroline and killed most of the garrison — a few of the I-'rench escaping to their ships. 
Upon his return to St. Augustine, Menendez learned that the F'rench fleet had been 
wrecked. He proceeded south to this inlet, discovered the Frenchmen on the other 
side, and by false promises induced them to surrender and deliver up their arms. 
Then he sent them boats, brought them over, in small bands at a time, bound them, 
blindfolded them, led them behind the sand hills, and in the name of religion put 
them to death. The shores of the inlet have been modified by the action of the .sea 
in the three hundred years which have elapsed since that occurrence; it is useless to 
speculate as to the exact hjcality where the tragedy took i)lace. 




AS A HEALTH RESORT. 

Frotn a paper by Dr. Hor.'VCE C.\rcthers, in the "Forest and Stream." 

PRACTICAL experience of man)- winters enables me to sav there is 
no pl;ice better adapted to health or pleasure than St. Augustine. It 
is easily reached by steamers or by elegant vestibule cars in little 
over one day from New York. The city is situated on a peninsula, 
almost surrounded by salt water; indeed it is, at very high tides, 
almost an island. The fact that the place is washed on all sides by 
the ocean tides guarantees the sanitary condition to be as perfect as any natural 
locality can be; and it absolutely precludes the possibility of malaria — a case of which 
disease I have never met, originating in the city. In addition to its possessing these 
natural advantages, those in authority spare no efforts nor expense in adopting all 
artificial means known to sanitarians to add to the health of the favorable locality. 
The elements so essential to perfect health are abundant, in bright sunshine, pure 
bracing sea air and abundance of water, while the most cheerful and choicest society 
makes the ancient city the most desirable winter resort in this country. 

I have known many men, women and children who have renewed their seriously 
damaged constitutions in Florida; and for those suffering from overwork, insomnia, 
nervous prostration and all its sad traia of symptoms, I know of no more desirable 
place than St. .\ugustine. Children recovering from pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet 
fever and whooping cough find a perfect climate for outdoor life and rapid con- 
valescence, without the danger of relapse, so common in a variable Northern climate. 
For nearly forty years I have recommended the climate of Florida to my patients, and 
I am happy to say many of these still thank me for sending them away from this 
Northern climate, which is as trying as any known to the professien. Scarlet fever 
and measles are not dreaded by the parents and physicians of St. Augustine; and 
diphtheria is almost unknown, k few years ago I was asked to see a child recently 
arrived, supposed to be suffering from that dread disease. The physician long resi- 
dent had never seen a case. The child was removed a few miles out of town, and 
but one other took the disease, a playmate of the first. An honored and lamented 
physician of St. .Augustine, the late Dr. Peck, told me some years ago, when I was 
expressing anxiety about some cases of scarlet fever, not to be alarmed; that the 
disease never assumed a dangerous type in that climate, and that it very seldom 
resulted in death; it responded quickly to treatment, and was seldom followed by 
those dangerous sequels so dreaded in a Northern climate. He stated the remark- 
able fact that years earlier they were visited by an epidemic of scarlet fever, when he 
attended one hundred and twenty children, without losing more than a single patient; 
and this one death was owing to other complications. There is no other way of 
accounting for such a history of such a disease, except the perfect climate. Some 
winters ago I received a little patient from New York with chronic pneumonia follow- 



Til. Stnii./nr.i !,,,/, I 

For the Preservation 



of the Matanzas Fort. 



riic historic ruins of Florida are among the most interesting on this continent. 
About them Imgers the romance of the past. OIU Fun Marion in St. Augustine is a 
lasting memorial of Spaivish endeavor in North America. The City Clateway ih 
significant of tbo.se long years when the dwellers here were always apprehensive of 
the coming of a hostile, force. The Matansas Fort, guarding the southern .sea 
approach to St. Augustine, was intimately associated with the fortunes of wac between 
the subjects of Spain and England here io .\merica. The canals and causeways and 
fallen mills at Ormond attest the enterprise and prosperity which flourislied until 
blighted by the torch of the Seminole. At New Smyrna may be traced the indigo 
fields of the unhappy Minorcan colonists of British days; and chapel waUs .still stand as 
memorials of Spanish missions among the natives of Florida. Here and there are 
Indian mounds, mysterious as to builders and origin and purpose. 

All these are monuments, whose every stone should be cherished, guarded from 



rite Slaiiiiard (iiiidc 

ihoiightless vancialism, and preserved so far as inay be possible from destrnrtion l>y 
the elements. 

We should have in Florida a Society for the Preservation of Antiquities, with 
purpose to create an intelligent interest in these relics of other days, to stimulate 
appreciation of their value, and to provide for their care and preservation. Such an 
association might very readily be formed; it would have open to it abundant 
opportunity of public-spirited work; and would be certain to enlist the support and 
co-operation of resident and visitor. 

In the meanwhile, there is call for immediate action to save from destruc- 
tion one of the most picturesque of these historic monuments — the old Fort at 
Matanzas Inlet, south of St. Augustine. The Fort stands on an island. Its situation 
was originally at some distance from the seaward shore of the island: but the erosion 
of the waters has eaten away the land, and is now undermining the coquina Fort itself. 
\ fate menaces it like that which engulfed the old lighthouse of St. Augustine. 

The Fort may yet he saved if mea.siires .shall at once be adopted to deflect the 
currents. The Staml^ro Guide has in preparation, to send to Washington, a 
memorial praying that such action may be taken without delay. It is hoped that the 
memorial may be so numerously signed as to indicate in some degree the public 
feeling in the matter. If you are so interested, you are invited to fill in this blank, 
lending the influence of vour name for the purpose. 



To the lidiioi- of flic Standard iiidde: 

You ivill please ne/d juy name as a sigiiatnre to 
flie Memorial efireeting attention to tlie Matan::as Port 
and urging immeefiafe measures for its preservation. 

Signed 
Addi'css 



*^* .Vdditional signature"; may he written on the reverse of tlie blank. 

*,* The blank may be left with the hotel clerk, or with the newsdealer from whom yon purchased 
this book; or it may be mailed to the Kditor of the Spand.^ri) CiiriK, .St. .\ugustine. 

*jf* The Memorial with a list of the siirners will be given in the 1S96 edition of the Sr^NnARri GiinE. 



The Standard Guide. 



11 



ing an unusually severe whooping cough; and in a very short time the little girl 
recovered completely, renewinj^ the roses in her cheeks and her buoyant, childlike 
spirits. She returned with her mother, who was summoned to attend her husband 
sufleri.ig with pneumonia, in the month of March — much against my advice, but for- 
tunately without serious consequences. Pneumonia is seldom ."seen in St. Augustine, 
and the resident physicians are almost unacquainted with the disease and have no 
desire to attend it. The absence and the mild form of the diseases mentioned can be 
accounted for on no other grounds than the salubrity of the climate. 

If there is the slightest possibility of any one laboring with the first symptoms of 
consumption being benefited by climate it will be accomplished in Florida. .\ gentle- 
man who was a martyr to asthma all his life, possessing a beautiful home near Phila- 
delphia, told me he could find no comfort in life but in two localities, Newport in 
summer and St. .\ugustine in winter. 

My own personal e.xperience in the beneficial effects of the climate of St. .Augus- 
tine makes me the more earnest in recommending it to all who may be suffering from 
overwork. After a laborious life of more than thirty years in the climate of New 
York, on the Hudson River, 1 broke down completely, and hail insomnia to a fearful 
degree, bordering on insanity. Old professional friends advised me to visit Florida. 
When I arrived in the quaint old city one Christmas Eve 1 was nearly exhausted. 
I could not walk a mile, anil only with great fatigue at all. .\p|)etite was fitful, energy 
gone, and though I was longing for rest, yet 1 dreaded the experience of a night of 
sleeplessness. One who has never had the misery of such a state of health, can form 
no conception of such a tieplorable condition. I began improving the first week, 
walking with less fatigue daily, and improved in appetite and spirits, and in six weeks 
I could tramp with dog and gun twenty miles. It was truly a renewal of life, instead 
of my life work being abandoned, I put on harness again and began to offer aid and 
encouragement to all who, like myself, had become discouraged. 







<-^. 



i.FiiRCF. STKEET NEAR THE I'LAZA. 
From an old rkotograph. 



GUN AND ROD. 




, AME and fisli have always been among the attractions of St. 
Augusthie; and, although the supply has been diminished 
of late years, there is still abundant reward for the pur- 
suit. Sportsmen and anglers who visit the Rangeleys, the 
Adirondacks and the St. Lawrence in summer, repair to 
Florida in the winter. There are men, who when fish are 
to be caught in Florida waters would no more stay in the 
Xorth than the robins and bluebirds. Dr. C. J. Kenworthy, 
of Jacksonville, himself an ardent angler, tells a good story of a New York physician 
who, some winters ago, when there was yellow fever in one of the Gulf Coast towns, 
deliberately set out to run the quarantine and make his way into the fever district 
because it was time for fish to rise to his fly. 

Rod and reel, gun and field dogs are familiar objects in St. .\ugustine. .\mong 
the sporting dogs remembered by many quail hunters was the well known Bran. 
This dog was once, while hunting quail, struck by a rattlesnake. He was saved by 
the skillful treatment of Dr. H. Caruthers, but only to meet a fate as harsh, for Bran 
perished in the flames where he was chained in the great St. .\ugustine Hotel fire of 
1887. The smoking room of the Ponce de Leon Hotel counts among its ornaments a 
magnificent set of antlers, which bear testimony to the luck of a Tarrytown. New 
York, physician, to whom is credited the unusual experience of having brought down 
his deer, on an .-Vdirondack runway, with a shotgun, loaded with No. 4 shot for 
grouse. Florida deer are of smaller size than the northern deer, but they are built to 
go just as fast. 

The unlovely alligator is represented at St. .\ugustine chiefly in infantile stages 
of discouraged development in the curiosity shops, waiting to be done up in segar 
bo.xes and mailed to the north. Wilder and more ferocious specmiens are occasion- 
ally encountered in adjacent waters. The alligator holds on with most commendable 
tenacity, despite the fact that every man's hand is against him, and always has been 
against him, if we are to credit Le Moyne, who came here with the French in 1563. 

In the Brcvis Xarratio is given a drawing of the native Florida mode of hunting, and it is de- 
scribed as follows; They wage war on the crocodiles in this manner: By the bank of the river they 
build a little hut full of chinks and holes, in which is stationed a sentinel who can hear and see the 
crocodiles a great way of. Pressed by hunger they come up out of the water in search of prey, failing 
to tind which they give forth a horrible roar that may be heard for half a mile. Then the sentinel calls 
the others who are ready; and ten or twelve of them, bearing a huge pole, hurry to intercept the 
gigantic monster (his jaws expanded to seize and swallow some one of them), and with great agility, 
holding the sharp end of the pole as high as possible, they plunge it into his maw, whence because of 
its roughness and the scaly bark he cannot eject it. Then turning the crocodile over on his back, they 
belabor his belly, which is softer, with clubs, and shoot arrows into it and open it; the back is impen- 



The Standard Guide. 



/D 



etrable because of the hard scales, the more so if it be an old one. This is the Indians' way of hunt- 
inj; crocodiles, to whom they are such inveterate foes that night and day they are on the watch for them, 
not less than we for our most hostile enemies. 

According to the artist s deliiit;ations of the mammoth specimens found here in 
those good old times, three hundred years ago, their descendants are certainly a sorry 
and degenerate race. But no one was ever heard to complain of the small propor- 
tions of an alligator he had killed; they are all huge and savage in the telling; it 
takes a very small saurian to make a big story; and men are living to-day who 
could give Le Moyne points on Florida alligators. 



rr'F^vs'fr^r 




k 






i^J^J 








IMHAN .MOliE (IF lllMlNi. Al.l.i..A I . .K.. I.N ILoKITlA. 
From Le Mcyn/t Narrativ* of the French Expedition in J563, 

The list of fishes taken in the vicinity is a generous one. Sheepshead are caught 
off the St. Sebastian bridge, from the docks, and wherever there are submerged 
timbers or rocks. Favorite fishing grounds are at Matanzas. Baits used: clam, crab, 
fiddler, conch; the best time for fishing is from half- flood to high water. The whit- 
ing is baited for with clam, crab or pieces of mullet or other fish. Sea bass, or channel 
bass (also called redfish). are in great abundance in summer, and in fair supply in 
spring, when they are caught in the surf with rod or hand-line. The rods are employed 
-chiefly by anglers from abroad. The local method is for the fisherman to wade out 
into the surf, having his line coiled to run freely from his left hand, then, swinging 
bait and sinker around his head, he hurls it out into the surf, and, when he hooks a 
fish, puts the line over his shoulder and runs at full speed up tiie beach, hauling 



76 



TJic Standard Guide. 



fish high and dry after him. This mode may not partake of the high art of angling, 
but it is pursued with enthusiasm, and liie worst that can be said about it is that to 
stand for hours up to one's hips in the ocean is in March or April conducive to rheu- 
matism. The bait for bass is shrimp, crab or mullet. Salt-water trout are caught in 
great abundance in the Matanzas and its tributary waters north of town; and in the 
St. Sebastian from the bridge and the wliarves. They take the fly; baits used are 
shrimps and mullet. Other varieties found here comprise blackfish, flounder, red 

snapper, black grouper, 
cavalli or crevallfe, sailor's 
choice or hogfish, croaker, 
black grunt, skipjack or 
young bkiefish, and jewfish 
which attain a weiglit of 200 
and 300 lbs. The water ver- 
min include sharks, catfish, 
garfish, angelfish, rays, or 
skates, toadfish and like un- 
pleasing forms of creation. 
Some one or the otiier of 
them is sure to turn up on 
the end of a line cast for 
nobler fish; and the "patient 
angler" who manifests his 
patience in waiting for a 
bite is a very ordinary indi- 
vidual compared with the 
angelic being who can pre- 
serve his equanimity when a 
shark makes way with his 
tackle, or his expectant gaze 
is greeted by the open coun- 
tenance of skate or toadfish. 
Drum fishing grounds are at 
Moultrie, five miles below 
town, and at certain local- 
ities known to the market 
fisherman in the North River. The drumfish is distinguished as a fish that may be 
fished for longer without a bite than any other gamg fish that swims. 

It was time for drumming, the magic hour between the fall of the ebb and the rise of the flood, 
for this dcli^'htful sport, whose praises and superior enchantments over all others in th; Walton 'iiii f 
had so often heard spoken with such rapture by the mouth of a North Island and Beaufort man; the 
noble nature of the fish, his size and strength — the slow approach which he makes at first to the hook, 
like a crab, then the sudden overwhelming transport that comes over you when you feel him dashinj^ 
boldly off with the line, threatening to drag you after him and upset your frail boat. How charming 
his resisting wait, comparable only to the intoxication and gentle rapture one experiences when pulling 
along a lass through a \'irginia reel. — " S/:i-ti h of S,miiit>!e ll'.ir" (1S36). 




KNOWS WHERE TO GO FISHIN', 
J^rom ike Forest and Stream. 



THE EAST COAST. 




EYOND St. Augustine, going hy the East Coast line, one finds 

little to interest him in the monotonous stretch of piny llat- 

woods and palmetto scrub, until at the distance of about fifty 

5**^ miles the road deflects to Ormond. And now the scene 

■i^jj^ changes. A new Florida begins, as unlike the dreary, 

sandy flatwoods as they are unlike the rolling hill and lake 

country. ( )rmond is situated on the Halifa.\ River, and also on 

the Atlantic beach, the two being separated by a peninsula a half-mile wide. The 

Halifax belongs to that system of inland waters which are more properly termed 

lagoons. They are fed by inlets from the sea and e.\tend from a little below St. 

Augustine to Lake Worth. These lagoons, commonly known as the Indian River, 

make a continuous stretch of the loveliest water 

scenery for more than 250 miles, and when liis- 

cayne Hay shall be united with Lake Worth, an 

uninterrupteil water e.\cursi(jn of 350 miles will 

combine more of fascinating variety and beauty 

than any other in the United States. These con- 
nected inland waters vary from weird and twisting 

narrows 100 feet in width, to spreading lake-like 

expanses from three to six miles wide. Sometimes 

they look out o( inlets ujxtn the ocean, and again 

into the mouths of winding creeks or fresh-water 

rivers that break the western shore. At one point 

the Luiian River channels separate and wind tor- 
tuously among wooded islands, making one think 

of the lochs of Scotland. Nearly all the way the 

banks on both sides are high, commanding the 

river from elevated bluffs, or gently sloping to the 

stream, and finely situated for the towns or isolated 

residences, which are already scattered all along 

the East Coast and fast increasing in numbr 

The population is of the very best, comprising 

representatives of many of the chief cities of the 

United States, a considerable number of well-lo-tl" 

Englishmen, and some from Canada. There is nii 

section of the country at large that combines more 

of the enterprising, intelligent, industrious and 

thrifty classes, and many of them wealthy enough 

to push their opixirtunittes to the best advantage. 
It being impossible to describe particularly all 

these towns and settlements, more than fifty of cocoanit- pm m bfa< m. 




78 



The Standard Guide. 



which are designated on the map of the J., St. A. & I. R. Railway, let a few prominent 
instances suffice to indicate the peculiar features and remarkable attractions of the 
East Coast. 

Ormond is the first town struck by the railway after leaving St. Augustine. For 
the enjoyment of the tourist Ormond affords a combination of attractions second to 




DM:, ul- lllh UKMU.ND IJKIVLb. 



none on the East Coast. From the Hotel Ormond, fronting the Halifa.x, one looks 
across the wide river to the beautiful village that skirts the western shore. The 
river is about as wide as the lower Hudson, and looks as majestic, although but a 
shallow lagoon. It is deep enough, however, for steamboats of light draft, and 
populous with all kinds of pleasure craft. The long bridge across the Halifa.v is a 
favorite resort of skilled fishermen. Fish of man)- varieties are abundant, among 
them the speckled sea trout, channel bass, cavall6, sheepshead and fresh-water black 
bass in Tomoka River. Sea bass weighing from twenty to forty pounds are caught 
in the Atlantic surf. Immense turtles, able to carry a man standing on their backs, 



The Standard Guide. 



79 




as ilicy go back to llie sea from 
their nests on the beach, are plenty 
ill tlie spring season. Hears are 
often seen on moonhght nights 
coming out of the scrub to hunt 
tlie turtle eggs, which are laid from 
eighty to a hinidreil in each nest. 
l"he eggs are also used to flavor 
the Hotel Coquina muffins; and 
nothing is more delicate and ap- 
petizing than the flavor of coquina 
M>u|), made from the little shells 
(Duniufs) that arc swept up the 
""• '^i ■'■ '^ ...„.,,. ,., \CM. beach in great tiuaiititics. Ormond 

abounds in game. I >ucks are plenty 
in the headwaters (jf the Halifax, quail in the fields and flatwoods; also wild turkeys 
anil deer and not infrequently bear's meat are brought into the Ormond market. 

The Ormi)nd climate is of that medium tpiality which permits one to come early 
and stay late — no more delightful months than t)ctober and April. It is warmer in 
winter than in the interior, and cooler in summer. Seldom is there a day during 
the winter months when the sweet sunshine and the soft sea breeze do not invite 
one out of doors. The most delicate invalid prefers to stay out all day long. After 
sunset the air is often just cool enough to make the blaze of the open fire hardly less 
welcome than the sunshine. 

The walks in all directions are singularly attractive, being either shelled or 
planked over sandy spots, and provided with numerous rustic seats and arbors along 
the shaded river banks or through the trails across the half-mile peninsula that 
connects the river with the ocean. 

Ormond is famous beyond any 
other place in Florida for its drives. 
It has the advantage of unfailing 
marl pits, which supply the best material 
for roads, smooth and hard as concrete, 
and this is supplementeil by great de- 
posits of shell which lie all along the 
river. There is no finer beach any- 
where on the Atlantic shore than at 
Ormond. It is 250 feet wide at mean 
tide, and extends for many miles up 
and down the coast. It is lively with 
all sorts of pleasure carriages, bicycles 
and bathers, not to speak of the annual 
tournament when the cowboys of the 
interior come in to compete in eques- coquina shf.i.i. stdne. 




8o 



The Standai'd Guide. 



trian sports with tlie horsemen of the coast. The six-horse tally-ho hardly leaves a 
mark on the smooth surface of this magnificent beach. It is attractive also in the 
variety of beautiful shells that are swept up by the high tides. 

The drives of Orraond e.Ktend also for many miles up and down the high and 
wooded banks of the river through a great wealth of forest trees, flowering shrubs 
and creepers. Vistas of the blue water peep out on the one side, and orange groves 
gleam with golden fruit on the other. The drives out into the hammocks Iving 
directly back of Ormond are, if possible, still more charming. They thread 
magnificent forests of huge live oaks sprawling their crooked giant branches all 




UkMOM) UEACH I.N Al'RIL. 



abroad and draped with long, swaying pendants of gray moss. In close pro.ximity 
and as if in rivalry, immense magnolias lift themselves taller even than the oaks. 
Hard by stand the graceful water oaks, and pushing between everywhere the palmetto 
palms; and all this lavish luxuriance of richly colored foliage is tangled with giant 
creepers, climbing lustily to the very tree tops. In the deep green recesses of these 
rich hammocks, so utterly diverse from the flatwoods that skirt the railways, you 
come upon ruins of ancient chimneys and other appurtenances of old-time sugar 
mills and causeways, built over intervening marshes to connect the great plantations 
that once were worked at large cost of slave labor. These fertile hammocks of 
deep, black soil extend many miles to the southward parallel with the Halifax, and 
were probably in some far back century the bed of a lagoon similar to the present 
river. On these rich, mucky lands are planted some of the finest orange groves in 
Florida, and when oranges shall be counted in their just proportion as only one of the 
products which can be and some time will be raised on such soil as this, the East 
Coast will better appreciate its agricultural resources. 



The Statidarti Guide. 



8i 



It is characteristic of tiie Ormond drives that each has its special motive. There 
is the river drive of six miles to " Number Nine," the charming plantation of C A. 
Bacon, which is not merely an orange grove, but adorned with every variety of fruit 
tree and ornamental shrul) that the climate will permit, and laid out with the finest 
skill of landscape gardening. Nothing dt-lights its genial proprietor more than to 
welcome his numerous visitors. The same drive may ijc extended five miles further 




THK WAIK AT RO<-KI.Fni;F.. 



up the river or on the beach to the famous hundred-acre grove of Knox and r.ead. 
This grove and those adjoining it show what capital with long and tried experience 
can do to make orange raising steadily and largely profitable. The main conditions 
here are a very rich shell hammock and a system which makes the most of accumu- 
lated vegetable mould, the retention of palmetto palms, and the entire avoidance of 
the clean culture prevalent in the interior. The handsome mansions of the jiroprie- 
tors command not only the ocean and the winding creeks which head the Halifax, 



82 



The Standard Guide. 




A ROCKI.F.DOE VISTA. 



but wide, spreading savannas, dotted witli groups of palms and reminding one of the 
Nile Valley. 

Another drive is down the beach to Daytona, which is situated on a circling arm 
of the Halifax and its river front, looking out upon a wide bay of a singular beauty all 
its own. This drive or bicycle ride is varied by a return on the river bank. The 
same places may be reached by steam or naphtha launch. 

An all day excursion, and second to none in interest, is to Mosquito Inlet, about 
fifteen miles down the Halifax, where the great lighthouse lifts its lofty tower, and 
where the best fishing is enjoyed; or a little further down to New Smyrna, the oldest 
place on the coast south of St. Augustine. 

It is historically famous for the (Ireek and Minorcan colony, 1,500 strong, 
established by Dr. Turnbull in 1767. Turnbull's "castle" or "palace," with its 
sixteen chimneys, stood on the high and vast shell mound which commands the 
whole adjacent region. It was partly destroyed by the Seminole Indians, who drove 
out the sugar planters and captured many of their slaves. Afterward it became a 



Tkc Standard Guide. 




THE IMllAN KIVK.K SHuRh. 



target for Admiral I)u Pont's fleet, which more completely demolished it dtirinjj the Civil 
\\'ar, Ic.iviiv^^, however, the graiully solid walls of the old cellar and the rapacious 
wells to indicate its palatial extent. All along the river bank for four miles north 
and three miles south are scattered the ruins of old Minorcan houses with coquina 
stone floors, chimneys and wills, curbed with hewn stone. The drainage canals, 
indigo vats and ruins of old sugar mills, indicate large industries. One of the canals 
still in use, and dug about 127 years ago, is twenty-two feet deep and five feet wide. 
It extends several miles and must have employed an immense amount of hand labor. 

More interesting still are the ancient ruins of a Spanish dynasty which antedated 
the English possession. The "Rock House," a stately ruin with thick walls and 
well preserved chimney and fire-place, and situated on a high bluff, commands a 
magnificent view of the inlet and ocean and all the surrounding region. A large 
cedar stands in the middle of one of the rooms. It is probably one of the oldest 
structures in the United States. It might have been a military outpost, or a mission 
house, as is indicated by a niche in the wall. 

A much more extensive and imposing ruin lies out in an old field a little way 

west of the town, which has until lately been designated as the "Sugar House." It 

was undoubtedly used for this purpose, but the ecclesiastical lines of its foundations. 

and the architectural symmetry and beauty of its walls and arches plainly indicate an 

"earlier religious origin as the seat of a Spanish mission. 

New Smyrna is well worth visiting on its own account, for its hammock and 
water scenery anil beach. Mr. W. E. Connor, of New York, owns a beautiful winter 
residence here with elegant surroundings. Mr. Pierre Lorillard makes New Smvrna 



84 



The Standard Guide. 



the winter rendezvous of his 
house boat and yachts. The 
Indian River water system, 
including the Halifax and 
Hillsboro, Lake A\'orth and 
Biscayne Bay, is becoming 
more and more from year to 
year the abode of ample 
house boats and pleasure 
craft of all descriptions. 

It would be unfair to 
Ormond to pass by its 
greatest single attraction, 
the Tomoka River. It was 
once the chosen resort of 
the Tomoka tribe of Indi- 
ans. They had the best 
reasons for their choice. 
Black bass from three to si.x 
pounds in weight abound in 
its deep still waters, and 
red bass are taken near its 
mouth. Its high wooded 
bluffs afford dry and pictur- 
esque camping grounds. 
Not so much of a curiosity 
as the Oklawaha twisting its 
weird and narrow way 
through gloomy cypresses, 
it is far more beautiful and 
accessible. Only si.x miles 
from the Ormond bridge, 
and but ten miles long, it 
can easil}^ be reached either 
by carriage or boat. On a bold headland about midway that commands shining 
stretches of the river stands the log cabm. Its twelve feet veranda and cavernous 
fire-place nine feet wide hospitably invite you in case it rains — a very seldom 
occurrence — or after nightfall, but the picknickers commonly prefer the shaded 
tables under the water oaks. From a Sprini:;fidd Rcptiblican letter, dated March 12, 
1894, we quote the following description of the wonderfully various vegetation: 

"On the high upland shores that skirt the lower river where crop out the craggy 
coquina ledges, the tall and solemn pines lift themselves. As the river narrows serried 
hosts of tufted palms close it in. And now their solid wall is broken, their triple ranks 
grow thinner, they stand silhouetted against the background of the" hazily illumined 
sky, they crook and bend their heads toward the stream as if in worship. As the 




SENTINEL I'AL.METTOES. 



The Standard Guide. 85 

river curves again the view opens upon vast prairie-like savannas of tall saw-grass 
stretciiing away like verdant seas and broken in the far distance by isolated groups 
of lofty palms. By the river brink like an embroidered hem to this great carpet of 
verdure, huge brake ferns of yellow-green mingle with tufts of tall plumed sedges 
and tlowcring stalks that rise twelve and fifteen feet above the grassy level. 

" riie changing skies lend ever new effects of glorious colormg. Now there are 




\ I- M M 111 ALII 111 1 I 1M,K. 



silver mountnins of cloud. overto|)|)ed by a rift of blue; and above that hang showery 
mists of leaden gray. A moment later and they shut down upon us in a sweet, 
pattering April shower. As the shower passes, the river is rippled with lace-like 
wavelets, and before it takes on the blue again, shines like oxidized silver. Now 
bursts out the sun, and the palms rustle in the gentle breeze and glisten with golden 
sheen. And besides the palms, a countless variety of other trees and shrubs and 
water plants. Magnificent live oaks, draped with long pendant mosses that wave 
in the breeze like climbing serpents, old sprawling cedars of rusty red throwing 



86 



The Standard Guide. 




THK ROYAL I'llINCI A\'A. 



down into the deep, black water their srnarled and giant roots; the young cedars tall 
and straight and of tender green like Northern hemlocks in the month of June; 
magnolias almost as vast as the lofty oaks, their broad leaves radiant -with glossy 
green; bay trees with delicate leaves of olive green and fragrant to the touch; water 
oaks less majestic than the live oaks, but more symmetrical; red maples just now 
ablaze with their tender leaf buds; the bitter-sweets, their seed-pods of glowing red 
opening out of their yellow jackets; high up in the tree tops white and yellow mistletoe, 
and down on the water surface the white lilies; grai.d silver beeches decorated with 
sulphur-colored lichens; yellow jasmines and wild orange blossoms scenting the 
balmy air with sweet fragrance. In this marvelous variety of flora there is every 
shade of green and brown and red and yellow with hints enough of blue and black 
reflected into the pellucid depths from the upper sky. 

"The best of it all is the last, the culmination of supreme beauty at the head 
of the river in the tangled wildwood, where the stream becomes so narrow that our 
little steamer has but just room to turn around. The wind can no longer get low 



//•<• S/tT;it/(7r(/ CJnia'c. 



^7 



enough to make even a single wavelet upon the transparent surface of the water as it 
wells uj) from ileep, pure springs. Into the clear depths are reflected with startling 
vividness trunk and twig anil leaf and ledge and cloud. Kvery minutest form of 
beauty in the upper world is rejieated anil glorified in these crystal depths of 
translucent light " 

Passing? down the coast from Ormond about seventy miks, we traverse the 
famous orange belt of the Indian River, which reaches its perfection at Rockiedge. 
A little below New Smvrna John I). Sheldore discovered, ninety years ago, the 




PRE-RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE OF TIRKKV CKKF.K. 



original grove of wild sweet oranges, from which came the buds that have been 
carried all over the State anil made the Indian River orange famous. 

Rockiedge, famous for its excellent hotels and long line of handsome residences 
and choice orange groves, is named from the bold coquina ledges which lenil a 
picturesque lieauty to the shore line. While lacking the t)rmond drives, the foot walk 
for several miles on the high river bank, leading through one splendid orange grove 
to another anil past the elegant mansions of their owners, is very fascinating. There 
is a grand outlook across the river, here a mile and a half wide, to Merritt's Island, 
which is also populous with villas, groves and gardens. The extensive packing 
houses from which narrow-gauge railways carry the orange cars to the piers, from 



88 



TJic Standard Guide. 



which the fruit steamei's pid< tht-in up, the sail boats aud rowboats, often manned by 
young ladies who feather their oars with sailor-like precision, the pedestrian parties 
one continually meets on the river path, the well-contented occupants of the elegant 

mansions that front the river adjoining 
on their broad verandas, the do/cc far 
iiicntf leisure of the Rockledge winter 
resident, the orange pickers amid the 
golden fruit, and the skilled landscape 
gardening that emblazons the walks 
and grounds of the hotels with brilliant 
tropical flowers, all unite to make 
Rockledge deservedly and perma- 
nently popular with w-inter tourists. 

Leaving Rockledge, about twenty 
miles further down the river we enter 
the pineapple region at Eau Gallic and 
Melbourne, which are adjacent to each 
other, and connected as the East Coast 
points are all along by an almost con- 
tinuous line of settlements fronting 
the Indian River on both sides, and 
at the same time within hearing of the 
Atlantic surf. For instance, Sarno lies 
between Eau Gallie and Melbourne. 
It is a conglomerate array of hotel, 
restaurant, furnished cottages, and 
apartments elaborately fitted up with 
every modern convenience to suit the 
liking and the purse of various sorts 
of people, whether the transient 
tourist or those inclined to more 
private family arrangements. 

Either Eau Gallie or 'Melbourne 
is a good place at which to study the 
pineapple culture. John Aspinwall, 
nf Eau Gallie, or J. H. Phillips, presi- 
dent of the Melbourne State Bank, will 
tell you all about it. This is the only 
section in Florida, extending from 
Cape Canaveral to Biscayne Ba}-, 
where the climate, which is the main 
thing, is suitable for the permanent and profitable cultivation of the pineajiple out of 
doors. In this pineapple belt is also found the only suitable land for out of door and 
unprotected culture, while very much of it is entirely unsuited for pineapples. For 




lilLLV UoWl.KGS — A .SKMI.NOI.E OK TU-IJ.\V. 
From ^^ Forest and Stream. 



90 



Tlic Standard Guide. 



instance, at Melbourne, the east or peninsula side of the river is suitable, while the 
west side is not. But further down the rivtr at Eden and vicinity on the west side 
of the river between it and the East Coast railway, there are large patches of pine- 
apple land eminently suitable. The only way to success for the investor is to ask 
successful and reliable experts like the gentlemen above mentioned or Capt. Thomas 
E. Richards, the veteran pineapple king at Eden. 

Leaving out of account the pineapple business, Eau Gallie and Melbourne are 

well worth the tourist's attention for their 

lovely situation, growing enterprise, good 
society, comfortable hotels and various 
other peculiar attractions. 

Further south. Fort Pierce is to be 
noted as a winter resort much visited 
by sportsmen, for whose comfort and re- 
quirements special provision is here made. 

The prime attraction of the East 
Coast remains to be mentioned. Going 
southward one hundred miles from Mel- 
bourne, we reach Palm Beach on Lake 
Worth. Here we enter the cocoanut 
region and the tropical paradise of 
Florida. Lake Worth is a salt-water 
lagoon like the other waters of the In- 
dian River system, twenty-two miles long 
by an average of a mile in width, and 
separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a 
peninsula of rich hammock and marsh 
about a mile wide. Here is situated the 
Royal Poinciana, one of the largest hotels 
in the world, and royal indeed in respect 
both of its entirely unique surroundings 
and its magnificent appointments. Front- 
ing the beautiful lake and commanding 
also the ocean view, it has the peculiar 
advantage of a lordly grove of cocoanut 
palms and the finest environments of 
tropical gardening already prepared at 
lavish cost by a former proprietor of the 
site, Richard R. MacCormick. The mag- 
nificent hotel does not stand alone in 
respect of such environments. For sev- 
eral miles along the lake front range 
other beautiful and highly improved 
estates with similar adornments of cocoa- 




The Standard Guide. oi 

nut |ialms and a great variety of other tropical I'ora. Tlie ori'^in of lliese tocoanut 
palms was in tlie wreck many years ago of a Spanish brig, the I'rovidencia, which 
scattered a cargo of cocoanuts all along the adjacent coast. Mr. Flagler, the 
munificent proprietor of the Poinciana, is sparing no cost or pains to perfect its 
attractions — among them a large pavilion at the ocean beach, tramways to connect 
it with the lake, bathing houses and hot salt-water baths and a large concrete pool 
50 X 150 feet, and furnished with salt water from the ocean by a powerful steam pump. 
It is quite impossible to give any adequate description of the peculiar and 
unparalleled attractions of Lake Worth. It is so unlike any other part of this very 
unique and dissimilar State of Florida that everybody who can will be sure to come 
and see it. It will give some idea of the wonderful nature of the tropical vegetation 
that everywhere charms the eye, to (juute what a correspondent of the Springfield 
Rtptiblican says of Pitts Island, in Lake Worth: 

It is worth the journey from the North to see the great sprawling sea g^ape tree, with broad rounJ 
lily pad mottled leaf of green and red, tumbling and prancing around in the queerest jerks and con- 
tortions, now running its huge branches along the ground, then springing up and forward with a leap, 
and then suddenly making a backward turn, cavorting and somersaulting in- all imaginable and un- 
thought-of twistings. Hut queerer still and more utterly wayward is the rubber banyan with its smooth, 
ilephant-gray bark and long glossy leaves. It just capers and leaps in its luxuriant cap.icitics for rapid 
and giant growth. When it has shot forth a branch to an amazing length almost horizontally from the 
parent trunk, it drops a string-like pendant, raveled out at the end, which sways awhile in the air, but 
give it time and it will reach the ground and its raveled libers will take root and soon become a smooth, 
round trunk. This will often unite itself with other pendants, and the fissures by and by disappearing, 
they together become a wide, smooth, narrow mass like a great elongated screen. I saw one of these 
huge b.inyans engaged in deadly contest with a large mastic tree, the wood of which is solid and tough 
like ebony. It was so far a drasvn game. The banyan had clasped the mastic and wound and twisted 
about it like the serpents about Laocoon, till it seemed .is if it must be stilled, when lo! the mastic finds 
its chance and shoots out and up in towering strength fifty feet into the air. .Space fails one to tell of 
the foliage plants of brilliant red. yellow and purple, ten feet high of the llaming broad-leaved hybiscus, 
the royal and magniticent poinciana, a gorgeous llowering tree, of the moon Mowers and the morning 
glories creeping everywhere at their own sweet will, of the white and red oleanders, twenty feet high 
and spreading an equal u idth. Here indeed is Florida, in its own unquestioned right— the land of flowers. 




A Mi:.\liiKV uF TllK KASl COAST LAND. 



ASHEVILLE. 

The city of Asheville in North Carolina is one of the most popular resorts in 
America for winter tourists; its fame has been increasing for eight or ten years as a 
resort for people who seek a mild climate, with excellent hotels, and other multiplied 
attractions. It is situated on a hilly plateau between the Allegheny Mountains, the 
Blue Ridge and the (Ireat Smoky, all made famous in poem and prose by celebrated 
writers, among whom Charles Egbert Craddock, Christian Reid and Constance 
Fenimore Woolson stand among the highest. The city, properly speaking, is between 
the Swananoa and French Broad rivers, and overlooks a thousand square miles of 
superb scenery, and has been justly termed "the City in the Skies," where everything 
in nature seems to have been moulded by a Divine hand for those who seek health 
and pleasure within its hospitable gates. Every prominent street in the city has been 
paved with vitrified brick, or macadamized; and the main thoroughfares leading out 
of Asheville through the glorious gaps in the mountains, have been macadamized. 
No resort in the South can offer better streets and roadways. 

Recently the Swananoa Country Club has been organized, in purpose an e.xact 
counterpart of the Meadow Brook and Radnor Hunt Clubs. An elegant club house 
has been furnished and is now occupied in the city; and four miles in the country 
another has been erected. .\ pack of forty-eight hounds has been purchased and the 
tri-weekly hunts for live fo.xes are among the attractive features of .Asheville for the 
present. The balls and dances to be given by the Hunt Club this winter will be 
among the most popular social events: they will be given in the immense ball room 
of the Battery Park Hotel. 

Another great attraction m Asheville is the wonderful estate of Mr. Ceorge W. 
Vanderbilt. The acreage of this estate now amounts to 140,000 acres, comprising 
some of the most picturesque mountain lands in the Allegheny Mountains. The 
mansion, which is about finished, is said to have no equal on the American continent, 
and only one abroad. 

In the language of Mr. Burnet Scott "The town is noted for its healthful and 
delicious climate; its pure and invigorating atmosphere; the beauty of its scenery; its 
dehgbtfid drives; and its wealth of adjacent points of interest. Climatic maps pre- 
pared by Prof. Chas. Denison, M.D.. and official data furnished by the United States 
Signal Service, show that Asheville has the dryest climate, the year round, of any 
point east of I-)enver. Out of 365 days there is an average of 2^59 clear ones. It is 
far enough south to insure a mild winter, while its altitude is .so great as to create a 
cool summer. Asheville holds a first place among those favored spots which invite 
both summer and winter visitors, and offer a pleasant residence throughout the entire 
year 



The Standard Ciuidc. 



93 



"But more worthy of note than all oilier considerations is the proved healthful- 
ness of this rejjion. Malaria is unknown. The mountain district uf western North 
Carolina has long been favorably known for its healthful climate, and especially for 
its beneficial effects in pulmonarj' and throat troubles. These succumb to the balmy 
air of this locality. Some of the most learned and skilled physicians in the United 
States have recorded the fact that, in this climate, tubercular consumption is not 
hereditary. 

' The hotels of Asheville are modern in construction and equipment, and 



.^vt 







VltK VANUKKmil (IIMtAT. 



embody in plan and arrangement everj-thing for the comfort <jf their guests. Indeed 
it is in very large measure to the excellence of its hotels and the admirable way in 
which they are conducteil that Asheville owes her popularity with tourists and 
pleasure seekers." 

The railroad facilities from Florida to Asheville are excellent and have been 
arranged so that sleepers now leave St. Augustine about 7 o'clock at night and reach 
Asheville the next afternoon. This beautiful city in the skies is a great half-way 
stopping place, both in going to Florida anil returning home. It offers attractions 
that cannot be found elsewhere; its people are open-hearted and hospitable; its 
climate is unsurpassed east of the Rocky Mountains, and its future as a resort holds 
out the most alluring promises. 

E. r. McKissicK. 



Standard Guide Advertise}'. 



The Battery Park Hotel, 

ASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA. 








"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air 

*' Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself 

" Unto our gentle senses. * * * 

"The guest of summer, 

"The temple haunting martlet does approve 

" By his loved mansionry. that the heavens' breath 

" Smells wooingly here." 

These words, spoken by l^uncan before Macbeth's castle, nearly three hun- 
dred years ago, true then and truer now, apply most consistently to the famous 
Battery Park Hotel in the mountains of Western North Carolina. Neither tongue 
nor pen nor brush hath yet accomplished the task of mirroring in the minds of those 
who have not seen these glorious mountains, the complete idea of the pleasure and 
comfort and benefit that is derived by a stay here. The scenery, the climate, the 
drives and the hotel accommodations in Asheville are incomparable. Each and every 
one of these attractions, all of which are necessary to the comfort and pleasure of 
tourists, are excellent ; and the full complement cannot be equaled anywhere. There 
is no scenery on the American continent that can surpass that which is obtainable in 
Asheville and especially from the heights ai Battery Park. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



The Battery Park Hotel. 




T^IIK Hai IKRV I'ARK IloiKL, siluatcil in the midst of the most magnificent mountain scenery on the 
' Atlantic slope, at an elevation of 2.S00 feet above the level of the sea, and with an average winter 
temperature of 51°, is open throughout the year and is one of the best equipped winter resorts in the 
South. It has recently been enlarged, re-carpeted and re-painted. It has every modern convenience, 
including hydraulic elevator, electric lights, electric street car line to the depot, while it has a full com- 
plement of other conveniences. The music hall, tennis court, bowling alley, ladies' billiard parlor, 
•shooting gallery, shuffle board and other like amusements are some of the adjuncts. 

The drives in and around .\s1ftvilte are unsurpassed. Within the past six months the appropriation 
of Four Hundred Thniis;ind IVoUars has been expended in laying Belgian bWk and brick pavement 
through the principal streets of the city, and these streets, with the out-of-town drives, afford every 
facility for horsc-bacic riding and driving. 

The Battery Park Hotki. is over one hundred feet higher than any other hotel in or near 
Asheville. The advantage of this has been tried seven years successfully as to the proper height for 
health. The bath rooms, private and public, are unexcelled, and this, in conjunction with the fact that 
the size of the Battkry Park Hotfi. is nearly double the size of any other hotel in Asheville, makes 
it the most desirable resort for the win'er and summer. The front piazzas have been widened recently 
until they are now twenty-one feet wide, twelve feet under glass and nine feet open, without cover. I he 
BArTKRY Park IIotfi. is the most comfortable and home-like hotel in this section, and its appoint- 
ments and service are unexcelled. 

For descriptive mailer address 

E. P. McKISSICK, Manager. 

Circulan also at the ''" Standard Guide '' Infonnation Bureau, St Augustine. 



The Slandai'd Guide. 




Washington is a Beautiful City. 

Journeying between tile Northeast and Florida, you will naturally decide to go via Washington, 
and, hence, iiuite as natuiallv, will prefer to take the most delightful and shortest loute, viz. : 

THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY CA'liF'^,%1^) 

which extends from Washington along the charming mountain section of Virginia and North Carolina 
and unites at Columbia, S. C, with the Florida Central & Peninsular R, R., via 

SAVANNAH and JACKSONVILLE. 

Auxiliary tours are provided at a small cost for those of our patrons desiring to enjoy a detour through 
the glorious mountains of Western North Carolina — "The Land of the Sky" — embracing Asheville, 
Hot Springs, N. C, etc., reached only by the 



* * 



SOUTHERN 



RAILWAY. 



* * 



Similar arrangements also for Florida tourists desiring to visit Aiken, S. C, Bon A.ir, Augusta, etc. 



Through Trains between NEW YORK, WASHINGTON, and JACKSON- 
VILLE, ST. AUQUSTINE and TAMPA. Luxurious drawing 
room and compartment cars, Pullman dining 
service, accelerated schedules. 

Complete information obtainable from aiiy Ticket or Passenger Agent of the Pennsylvania R. R. 

Company, Southern Railway Company (Piedmont Air Line), Florida Central & 

Peninsular R. R. Co., East Coast Line (Flagler System) and connecting lines. 

W. A. TURK, A. O. MAC DONELL, S. H. HARDWICK, 

G. P. A., So. R'y Co., G. P. A., F. C. & P. R. R. Co., A. G. P. A., So. R'y Co., 

Washington, D. C. Jacksonville, Fla. Atlanta, Ga. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Intormation Bureau. 



The Standard Guide. 




ONE NIGHT OUT 



In ^io short n time the jouriu'V bctwi-eii 
NEW YORK aiui H.ORIDA. siiuo the 
f(inii3tion of the new great short liiu-, 
iplishiil . . - 



K nitw .ii 



Leaving NEW YORK by I'cmi- 
sylvania Railroad daily at 1:20 
P. M. . . . VIA . . . 

• • ASn • 



Southern Railway 



Florida Central & Peninsular R. R 



PIHOnoM Alk LINti 

Arriviiii; at Jacksonville and St. 
Augustine early next evening. 
Equilly evctlkiil lime rcturnini;. Ilui'- in.iking only mie iiii;lil mi llie rriad in either direction. The entire 
journey is a pie iMirabIc scenic entert.iinnunt. einhracini.; 

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE. WASHINGTON. 

LYNCHIiL'RG, DANVILLE. GREENSBORO, SALISBURY, 

CHARLOTTE, COLUMBIA, SAVANNAH, JACKSONVILLE. 

THE . . 

New York and Florida Short Line Limited 

• <»••••• (No, ;; and No, ^41. 

Comprises I'ullman Drawing-room Cars between NEW YORK and TAMPA. Pullman Compartment 
Cars between NEW YORK and ST, AUGUSTINE. First-class Thoroughfare Coaches and Smoking Cars 
pctween WASHINCToN and JACKSONVILLE. Hotel nining Cars on THE LIMITED serve aU 
.m-aK Ktwccn NEW YORK .and ST. AUi",USTI\K. ..... 

Trains No. 35 and No. 36 constitute the U. S. FAST MAIL, and have 

Pullman drawlnK-room cars between New York 

and Jacksonville \Nithout change. 

.T^OTn^T.v. :x. ]).\ILV ■::- SEKVICE..==^ 

NEW YORK OFFICKS: STl & 303 Ilrowlway. WASHINGTON OrFICE: 1300 rriiiiH.vlvaiilH .Vv. 

JACKSONVILLE OFFICES: 213 Went Ua.v St., an<l ri.rner Hay and Ilotaii str.-.-l». 

CircuLirs also at the Standard Guide I nr)nn.'.tion Bureau. 



The Standard Guide. 




As the Arrow Flies 



So swiftly and directly speed along the great thnuigh Vestibulcd Trains of the 
jt^ Queen & Crescent Route — the Southern Railway — the Florida 

^ - Short Line between Cincinnati and Jacksonville, via Chattanooga, 

Lookout Mountain, Atlanta, Macon, forming the shortest and 
quickest route between these points and affording most 
luxurious through car service, consisting of entire vesti- 
bulcd trains, Pullman drawing-room and compartment 
cars, vestibuleil thoroughfare coaches, smoking cars, etc., 
presenting the best route between 

Chicago, Indianapolis, Detroit, 
Cleveland, Columbus, etc. 

Also oifenng excellent service between Louisville, Ky., 
^F"s , and Jacksonville, via Burgin, Kv., via the 

SOUTHERN RAILWAY + 

A N' I > 

•^ QUEEN & CRESCENT. 

In addition to the direct short-line routes, tickets 
are obtainable via Hot Springs, N. C, along the 
French Broad River, Asheville, N. C, the beauti- 
ful "Land of the Sky." with through car service 
between Cincinnati and Asheville, and Asheville 
and Jacksonville, embracing Columbia, S. C. and 
Savannah, ('.a. Hence, for - . . . 

COMFORT, ^ 

CELERITY, 
% SCENERY, 

% The southern RAILWAY is UNAPPROACHABLE. 




S. H. HARDWICK, 

Ass't General Passenger Agent. 



C. A. BENSCOTER, 

Ass't General Passenger Agent. 

W. A. TURK, General Passenger Agent. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guid: Information Bureau. 



The Standard Guide. 



EQUATION 



As Jacksonville is to Florida, so 
® Kansas City is to the great Northwest. 

Apprecialiiiij the immciist: importance ami value uf these points of concentration 
and distribution, the SOUTHERN RAII.WAV, with its characteristic alertness 
in conjunction with the Florida Central .V I'eninsular R. R. and the Kansas City, 
Fort Scott & Memphis Railway, has inaujju- 
rated a system of daily through Pullman 
Drawing-room cars between Kansas City and 
Jacksonville without change, 

Kmhracin<; 
SPRINGFIELD, Ho., 

MEriPHlS, Tenn., 

BIRTINQHAM, Ala., 
ATLANTA, Ga., 
% MACON, Ga., 

via EVERETT, 
The Only Through Car Route. « • . 



QUICKEST TIME 



In Both 
Directions. 



Apply ti) .un- agent of these Comp.mies: 
Southern Railway, 
riorida Central & Peninsular R. R., 
Kansas City, Fort Scott & Hemphis R. R., 

or connecting roads. 

W. A. TURK, A. O. MacDONELL, 

O. p. A., So. Ky C.. . G. V. A . K C & !■ R R., 

WASHINCJTOS.I) C. JACKSONVH.I.K. FI.1 

J. E. LOCKNVOOD, 

G P. A., K. C, F. S. Hi .M. R. R , KANSAS CI rv. Mo. 

Circulars also at the Si.indarJ Guide Inronn.ilion Bi 




The Staitdard Guide. 



IF yoLi want a HOME in 
St. Augustine, or lands 
on the Indian River, Lake 
Worth or Bay Biscayne tor 

fruit or vegetable growinu', 
call on or write to Mr. J. E. 
INQRAHAM, l.aml Commis- 
sioner. J.. St. A. & I. R. Ry. 
St. Augustine, Florida. If- 






Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Hureau. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



Norfolk and Washington 

^Steamboat Companyo 

NEW AND POPULAR ROUTE BETWEEN 

Washington, D. C, Old Point Comfort, Norfolk, 
Virginia Beach and the South. 




The new aiul iiuij^nificent Iron Palace Steamers f)f this hnc, the steamers 
■"Norfolk" and " U'ashinj^ton," Imilt in 1891, by the Harlan & Kollinysworih Co., of 
Wilmington. Del., most lii.xuriantly fitted throughout, having Steam Heal in state- 
rooms, Electric Lights and Call Hells in each room. 

Leave Norfolk and Washington daily on the following scheilule: 



NORTHBOUND. 

Leave l»oitT»*M«|-TH 5.50 PM. 

•• I«iOKF'OI.K 6.10 •• 

•' KORTRKNH MOXROK.T.ZO ' 

Arrive AI.CXAIsnRIA 6.00AM 

" 'WA««HI>iUXO>i *.30 " 



SOUTHBOUND. 

I.CJive ^•ASHI>i«;'ro>. 7.00PM. 

" AI.i;X.%>»l>KI.4 7.JO " 

Arrive FOKTRKWS MC>^iROK 6 30 A M. 

" TSORI'OI.K 7. JO " 

" fOR'I'H.MOl'TH 8.00 • 



Clo.se connection made with all rail lines at Norfolk, Fortress Monroe and 
Washington, I). C, for all points North, South, East and West. 

Passengers gt)ing or returning to Wilmington, Raleigh, Charlotte. Charleston, 
Savannah, .Atlanta, Jacksonville and principa-1 Southern cities, ate given- an oppor- 
tunity by this route to stop over at the National Capital, Fortress Monroe or 
Virginia Beach. 

By taking this route the passenger is afforded a pleasant ride on the Potomac 
River and ("hesapeake Bay. thus breaking the monotony of an all rail ride. 

The cxceFlence of the meals furiiishetl on these magnificent steamers has been a 
great factor in ttieir |M)|Mtlapity. The dining room service is a la carte, meals being 
served at hours convenient to the passengers. 

Pickets on sale via .Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk and Carolina R. R.. and 
via .Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard .\ir Line and at all jirincipal railroad offices, 
North. South, East and Wt-.st. 

Ask for tickets via the new Norfolk and Washington line of steamers. 

JNO. CALLAHAN, Qen'l Supt. 

Citciibrs also at ^'Standard Guide*' Information Bureau, St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide- Advertiser. 

Shortest, ^ ^ ^ Quickest, 



oJtE 



AND 



BEST LINE 



FROM 



St. Augustine 



AND ALL POINTS IN 



FLORIDA * r * SOUTH 



^TO 



Chicago. 



THE CHICAGO AND NASHVILLE LIMITED 

Solid Vestibuled Train of Pullman Sleepers, Ladies' and Day Coaches, and 
Elegant Dining Car. heated by steam and lighted by gas, leaves NASHVILLE 
every day in the year at 7:45 P. M., arriving at CHICAGO the next morning at 
10.2c, over the only 

* Double Track Line from the South. * 

Only one change of cars between all points in the South and Chicago. 

For Maps, Time Tables or any information in regard thereto, apply to 

J. M. CUTLER, S. L. ROGERS, 

General Southern Agent, Atlanta, Oa. So. Passenger Agent, Chattanooga, Tenn. 

OR TO 

CHAS. L. STONE, J. B. CAVANAUGH, 

Gen'l Pass. & Ticket Agt., Chicago, 111. Qen'l Pass. & Ticket Agt., Evansville, Ind 

Circulars also at the ""Standard Gui'de^ Information Bureau, St. Aug^ustine. 



The Standard Guide. 



I 



THE- 



NAUGURATION of a # 






37 '/2 Hour Train 



BHTWEEN 



Chicago and Florida 



ia the ivioNoN ROUTE 



Opens to the Traveling Public the 

nUICKEST AND 
^ BEST SERVICE 

Ever Offered by Any Line. 

All Meals Served in a First-Class 
Dining Car en Route. . c • 



ThiA Train Leaves Chicago at 
8:32 P. n. Daily, ReachinR 

Jacksonville 

THE SECOND MORNING 



Making Direct Connections for 
all Points in Florida. 



THE SERVICE = Vestibuled from End to End with . 
^p ^Tjie TPAIN Pullman's Finest Sleeping and Com- 
partment Cars, Dining. Observation, 
IS UNEXCELLED Ladies' and Smoking Cars 



NO EXTRA FARE CHARGED ON THIS TRAIN. 



Circulars also it the Standard Guide Information Ilurcau. 



The Standard Guide. 



HOT* SPRINGS, 

ARKANSAS 




ABSOI,IITEI,Y FIKE PROOF. 



HEATED BY STEAM. 



I.IGHTED BY ELECTRICITY. 



npHE only strictly first-class fnmily Hotel. The only Hotel in Hot Springs that has its walls fiirreii^ 
^ tluis preventing dampness t'rom penetrating the sleeping-room. 

+ BEAUTIFULLY LOCATED IN A PARK OF TEN ACRES. + 

The only Hotel that is so sitiiateJ that it receives Nature's great remetlv, the sun, I'rom the rising to 
the setting of the same. A magnificent Sun Parlor above the roof reached by elevator. 

Every room an outside room. Appointments superb. Cuisine unsurpassed. No fire in the building, 
steam heat and electric light plant being located in a separate building. Grand porches giving the guests 
a delightlul promenade at all times. - ■ = - -=■ 

— -^ THF MOST ELEGANT BATH HOUSE IN THE COUNTRY.,i=^. 

Constructed entirely of iron, tile, marble and brick, and, besides liaving the regular Hot Springs 
baths, .wJjich aie supplied from the hottest of the Hot Springs upon the U. S. Government Reservation, 

t!iere is also a magnificent Turkish bath. Flectric bath, Massage and rierman Needle. 

The Hot Springs of Arkansas are the most wonderful curative waters in the 
world. Letters of inquiry promptly answered. = = . . = 

R. E. JACKSON, Manager. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



I iic Slanilanl (.jitidc. 



*^)l 



ST. LOUIS -^ JACKSONVILLE. 

i luipiii;li I'lillm.iii I inwing-room Sleeping; Cars wuluml cIkiiilii,- l>y llic 

NEW . SHORT . LINE 

— co.MrkisiNd — 

The Southern Railway, 

IHinois Central Railway (Cairo Short Line), 
Kansas City, Memphis & Birminjcham R. R., 
Florida Central & Peninsular R. R. 

THE HOLLY SPRINGS ROUTE. 

:^THE EVERETT ROUTE. 

EMI1KA( IN(; 

St. Louis, Birmin.ifham, Macon, 

Cairo, Anniston, Everett, 

Holly Sprin.ics, Atlanta, Jacksonville. 

Why not take the Best Route? 

THE — r"^ 

SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 

W. A. TURK, Grnkral PASsFNiiKH Agent, A. H HANSON. Oknrral Passfncfr Acknt, 

SoiTiiKRN Railway Co., I1.LIS0IS R. R. Co., 

Washington, I). C. Chii-.-iK*^. 111. 

J. E. LOCKWOOl). General Passenger Agent, A O. MAC DONELL, General Passenger Agent. 

K C. .M. « H. R. R. Co., Fl.ikiua Central & Pp.ninsilar R. R Co., 
Kansa.<i Cily Jack»onvillc Fla. 

Circular^ aUn at the Standard Guide Inrormation BureatK. 



Standaril (.itiidc Advertiser. 



Old Saint Augustine: 



Coquina Edition, 




Copyright 1992, 1)? E. H Reynolds. 



\ I EVER was volume more fittingly 
^ ^ clothed than Old St. Augustine in 
the beautiful Coquina Edition. The 
cover is a marvelous reproduction of a 
block of coquina, the native shell-stone 
from which Fort Marion, the City Gate- 
way and old-time walls and dwellings 
were constructed. 

Mr. Reynolds delineates in a clear and graphic 
way the shifting panorama of .St. ."Augustine's 
history, and he has succeeded in writing a little 
volume which is full of light, shade and color, 
and one which will be welcomed as an adequate 
memento. — Siauiay School Times. 

lUustrated. Price, One Dollar. Sold 
by all the book dealers. Sent postpaid 
by the "Standard Guide" Publishers. 




You may go shooting and get no game, or fishing and catch no fish; but you cannot buy 
a copy of the " Forest and Stream" (this week or next week or any week) without finding it 
brimful of capital sketches of shooting and fishing, and papers on natural history and sports- 
man's travel and experiences, and discussions of yachting and canoeing. A paper for men. 
Sold everywhere. Price lo cents; $4.00 per year. Enlarged to 32 pages. 

BOOKS ON OUTOOOR SPORTS: 

With Fly-Rod and Camera (Samuels), $5; Fly-Rods and Fly- Tackle (Wells), $2.50; American Anglers' 
Book (Norris), $5.50; American Fishes (tioode), $5; Book of the Black Bass (Henshall), $3; Wood- 
craft (Nessmuk), $1; 611 Hints and Points for Sportsmen (Seneca), f 1. 50; Log Cabins; How to 
Build and Furnish Them (Weeks), S1.50; Camp Life in the Woods; Tricks of Trapping (Gibson), 
$1; The Still Hunter (Van Dyke). $2; Names and Portrait of Birds which Interest (iunners (Trum- 
bull), $2.50; Wild Fowl Shooting (Leffingwell), $2.50; Field, Cover and Trap-Shooting (Bogardus), 
$2; bogs; Their Management and Treatment in Disease (.-Vshmont), $2; Practical Dog Training; 
or Training vs. Breaking ( Hammond ), Si ; House and Pet Dogs, 50 cents; Canoe and Boat Build- 
ing for Amateurs (Stephens), $2; Small Yachts: Their Design and Construction (Kunhardt), $10. 

We are the lareest publishers in America of books on Outdoor Spo-ts. Send for FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 
of our books on .\ngling. Shooting, Hunting, Camp Life, Yachting, Canoeing, Travel, Adventure. 

FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 318 Broadway, New York. 



The Standard Guide. 



THE * STAFFORD 










WASHINGTON PLACE. BALTIMORE. 

T^IM-; sr.\rFORI). tlic m.ignificcnt new hotel of 
Haltiinorc, opened Now 5tli. Absolutel\- fireproof. 
BeautilulK totaleil on W'ashinifttui I'lace in tlie fasliion- 
able rcsidcni i; |)art of the cit\". Cuisine j)r()n()uncetl to 
be unexcelled. lOnxenient to depots, theaters and 
business center. + + + + + 



JAMES P. A. OTONOR, Manager. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



The Standard Guide- 




American System. 

One of the newest and best Hotels at the National Capital, 
Northwest Corner 14x11 and K Srs., opposite Franklix Souake. 

The management will spare no pains to make " The Cochran" 
one of the leading Hotels here. Cuisin;! and serv^ice the best. 
Rooms single or en suite with baths, etc. All first-class. A trial 
will convince you that we have the hotel you want. 

JOHN. C. MULFORD, Man.vger. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information I5ureau. 



I lie SttDidard Guide. 




T^l- SHOREHAM, Washington. D. C 

AMERICAN AND hUROPEAN PLANS. 

'"T^Hl-: SH(^RFHAM is most iidvantageously situated, beinu: in the center 

<if the most t'.ishionable section of the city, accessible from all points 

of interest, within live minutes' walk of the Executive iVlansion, and of the 

War, Navv, State and Treasury Departments. An absolutely fireproof hotel. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



JOHN T. DEVINE. 



standard Guide Advertiser. 

N ATU RE'S R EMEDY. 

THOMPSON'S 
Bromine and Arsenic Springs Water. 

CRUMPLER'S, ASHE CO.. N. C. 

THE MOST REMARKABLE DISCOVERY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 

This spring was discovered in July, 1885. The water by its 
merit alone, has become very popular, being pleasant and natural to 
the taste. It is a specific for all diseases of the Stomach, Erysipelas, 
Skin Eruptions, Eczema, Female Complaints, Nervousness, Bright's 
Disease, Diabetes, Pains in the Loins and Kidneys, and Gravel. 

The composition of the water is shown by the following analysis 
made by the eminent chemist, Dr. Henry Frcehling: 

-^^ ANALYSIS. ^* 

Total solids left on evaporation at 212° F., 5.45856 grains. Consisting of: 

Grains. Grains, 

Sodium Carbonate, .... 1.03572 Sodium Arsentiate, 00641 

Calcium " 93133 " Iodide, ooS99 

Magnesium " 62166 " Bromide, 03615 

Lithium " 02565 " Borate- — faint trace. 

Copper " trace. . Aluminium Phosphate . . . .11838 

Zinc " " . . Ferrous Sulphate, 08047 

Calcium Fluoride, " . . Silica, 1.07596 

Potassium Sulphate, 61933 Organic Matter, 03032 

Potassium Chloride, 20644 • 

•Sodium, 64866 5.14347 

The springs are situated thirty-nine miU-s from Chilhowie.Va., a 
station on the Norfolk & Western Railroad. The water is sold by 
all first-class druggists, and is put up in cases of twelve half-gallon 
iottles each. 

OUR SUMMER RESORT. 

The Hotel will accommodate 100 guests and is open from June 
I to November i. Hack leaves Chiiliowie, Va., on Mondays and 
Thursdays of each week after the arrival of the morning trains. 

There is a laundry in connection with the hotel, also porcelain 
bath tubs. Price of board is $2 per day, $12 per week, and for four 
weeks or more $10 per week. 

For further information and pamphlets address 

Thompson's Bromine and Arsenic Springs Co., 

SALTVILLE, VA. 

W. H. WILEY, Secretary. GEO. W. PALMER, President. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 




THH HOTHL BON AIR, 

r. A. LINSLHV. AUCUSTA, GHORGIA. 

This new and clcifani hotel is tiiuated in one of ihe nio«i deliKhtful ««ctinns of the South. Ii stands on the crcsl «f the 
hilU ovcrlookinK the Savannah valley, Ipoft. above Au^^ta, two miles distant 1'hc climate i\ mild, bracinKtand healthful. 
Average tcmprraiiiTc in winter 54 Statbttics show it to be the dryest atmitspherc in the United States except at k'^-''^ 
altituoM. It is the fnest climate in the South f<^r those suffering fnim overwork or pulmonary- troubles. The hotel is 

elecant in app-'^intmcnt and Iit>er..I in management, while the niistnc an.I >»ervi.-t' .,re »invtirp.t'^vc<I. Send for Hon Air nt'oklct. 




THE KIMBALL, * 



« 



Atlanta, Georgia. 



WIN^TER TOUIilSTS 



Dcsinng to stop over a day or two. either Roing to or returning from Southern Winter Rc^ >ri<; will find the Kimball one 
^ ^ nandsomesi, l>est kept, and most conveniently sitii.itcd fiotrU in the South. It is sumptuouslv furnished and uphol- 
^ered, Its rooms large, airy, well ventilated, and supplied with ever>' comfort and convenience. Inere arc No Weary 
TrHnsfem to distant portions of the city, and your baggage is delivered at the hotel an<l sent to the depots without any 
additional cost. ReKi*rvHlt«»nH by tuall iir t«*le(;rain pDmptlv at'cnded to Many improvements have been made 
during the past summer, and the Kimball is in better shape for its winter business than ever before. 



<II.\ULKS 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau 



ni:KKMANN &. CO., rro|iri<'tor8. 



Stajidard Guide Advertiser. 




The ST. JAMES. 



OVERLOOKING ST. JAMES PARK. 
Accommodations for 500 Guests. 



Jacksonville. Florida. 
1. R. Campbki.i . 




TTOTP]L PLACIDK. 



N. L. WARD, Prop.. JACKSONVILLE, Fla. Main St., One Block from Bay. 

Open all tile year. . Rates $2. io to $4.00 per day. • Special rates to families by week or moiitn. 

EVEUYTHING NEW AM) FIRST-CLASS. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide. 



"The ^ 5t. X George," 

St. Augustine, Fla.. 




*vb Corner of St. George Street and the Plaza. ;t* 

Located in the very center of the city, and only a few steps 
from the Ponce dc Leon and Casino, the oUl Cathedral, Hay and 
Post-Ottice; yet is quiet anil retirtti; surrounded by its own Inroad 

lawns and the beautiful adjoining grounds 
of the <»ld l^piscopal Church. 

The St. George is the most comfort- 
a!jl\- ami completely furnished, the most 
home-like, and altogether the most attrac- 
tive l-".\Mii \ IbuM In "N'c Ancient Citie." 
W ith a careful anil liberal management, 
a Cuisine of noted and superior excel- 
lence, and efficient Service — it caters to 
people of culture and refinement who appreciate quiet, comfort 
and good living. 
**«SEND FOR BOOKLET. *» » C. D. TYLER, PropV. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guit^c Iiiformation ItureaiL 







Tlie Standard Guide. 



% 





luMn-HiWj \H. 






Florida-. 



Decembeir to May 



^ 






np HE HOTEL MAGNOLIA is centrally 
'^ located, on St. George Street, in one of 
the quamtest and most picturesque quarters of 
St. Augustine. 

The building is in the Queen Anne stvle, 
and the space under its cox'er is o\-er sixty-four 
thousand square feet, or nearK' two acres.' 

Distilled water for drinking'. Perfect sani- 
tary arrangements. Llot and cold water baths. 
Electric bells. Litjhted throui^hout with ''-as. 
Terms moderate. 

W. \\\ PALMER, Manager. 



Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information rure.-'.u. 



Standard Guide .Idzcrtiscr. 



THE FLORIDA, St. Augustine, Florida. 




This hotel i» U[H'n the hitfhoi natural cround in (he crnter of the city, and the mont con%-cnicn( t > places ot amuscnicui 
and inlerrsi. With its suuihcm and favorjLic cxp«j*urc it is the most thorouf^bly dr>'. Its }>cciiUar surroundinK» shelter it 
from any inclement changes, insuring the enjoyment of Uwn and verandas with safety. The water used f(*r drinkinj; and 
cooking has been Ions known and remembered for its superiority, an<J is the very best in the city. Equipped with elevator, 

fas, electric bclU ana all mo'-lem conveniences. Capacity, at'* giie^t*. Special inducements to quests f<ir January and 
cbruarv. Ooen frv»m Tanuurv lo Mav. J. T. SKILES, Korracrly I.lkav Ins. |.<tc Kskkmla \ss. 

On your return North do not fail to stop at.r=— 

^THE HYQEIA HOTEL, Old Point Comfort, Va. 




Absolutely free from milaria and un«urpa<iscd for healthfulness senerallv. with air heavily charned with o rone— nature's, 
grealebt boon to the invalid— with s enic attracti'>n%. marine and landscape, unrivalled, <.Md Point Comfort is the winter 
resort par excellence of the Atlantic Coast, while its world famous Hygeia Hotel^ with its in-proved and pertect sanitary 
arrangements, the unnucslioncd purity of its drinking water, unsurpassed cuisme. embracing cvcrj* delicacy f>f land and 
^ea foods, its refined clientele added to the charm ol resi.tent militnr>' life, its abundant musical features and dancing, and 
its reasonable tariff charkjes constitute a variety uf attractions seldom offered at any rcs»rt. p, N. PiKC, Managcr. 

Circulars also at tht ^''Standard GHi'dt" /n/ormation Bureau^ St. Augustim. 



Standm'd Gtiidc Advertiser. 




-«The >« Valencia, h- 

A X addition to St. Augustine's famous group of homes for 
-'*■ winter guests is the Valencia, which first opened its 
doors for the season of 1892. Constructed by the builders of the 
Ponce de Leon, the Valencia embodies the most perfect hotel 
arrangements of the day. .*A11 Is homelike and comfortable within, 
and the broad verandas overlook spacious grounds beautiful with 
the orange, the rose and the palm. The house is delightfully 
situated on quaint St. George street (south of the Plaza). It is 
conducted by Mrs. Mary Frazer, whose successful management 
has been known to so many St. Augustine visitors during the 
past ten years. 

Address: THE VALENCIA (Mrs. Mary Frazer), St. Augustine, Fla. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 




-^The*Barcelona>^ 



Corner of Carrera and Sk\ ili.a Strekts, 



ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. 



« 



Beautiful for situation. All modern imi^roxcnicnts. Sleeping 

rooms newly furnished. Perfect sanitary arrangements. 

Good family table and home comforts. 

-M OPEN N()\'i:mhi-: R to may. h^ 



R, E. HASSELTINE. 



Eight Years at Hassf.ltinf. Cottage, 
OPPOSITE Magnolia Hotel. 



The Standard Guide. 



<fcr^«»ii-*<4. 



{ 



\-^h-^^ 




S^ 



-iSEE 3fc_ 



HOTEL COQUINA 

ORMOND= 

by=the= 
Sea, 
FLORIDA. 



Attractions are Orange 
Groves, Gardens, Walks, 
Drives, Bicycling, Boating, 
and Fishing. 

Surf Batliing all the year. 

Rate $3.00 to $3.50. 

SHISER & VmiNG, 

Managers. 



Fort Pierce, on Indian River, Brevard County, Florida. 

FORT ® PIERCE @ HOTEL. 

The most complete hotel on tl'.e Indian River. House and furnishing new. Hot and cold water. 
Electric bells, and competent service. Table as good as any in the State. 

BEST FISHING AND HUNTING ON THE EAST COAST. 

One Block from Depot and Landing, .... l'(jrtLT meets all Trains and Boats. 

Sates $3.00 Per Dajr and Upwards. 

JULIUS TYLER, FRANK M. TYLER, Proppietors. 

-* WINTER » PARK, • FLORIDA. *- 

THE i ROGERS. 

Beautifully situated, overlooking lakes, orange groves and town. Near depots, 
iluirches, post, telegraph offices, etc. 

% * LIGHT, AIRY, WELL FURNISHED ROOMS, -s- «- 

Lu.xurious beds. Table supplies with ///<■ br^t. Pure soft water on each floor. 
Rates $2.50 to $3.00 Per Day. 

Adaiess, A. E. & A. R. ROGERS. 

Circulars also at the ^'Standard Guide" Information Bureau, S.\ Augustine. 



The Stayidard Guide. 




% 



0RA10ND 



% 



AMONG Tin: (ikANilK CROVES OK TIIK EAST COAST 

THE • DRIVES • OF • ORMOND 

Have made it famous among Florida visitors. The dense hammock forests, the orange groves, the miles 
along either bank of the broad Halifax, the twenty-mile drive on the great ocean beach, all these are 
enjoyed in luxurious outfits, with good horses and drivers from Oawlbrd House, White Mountains, and 
Poland Springs, Me. Ormond is the point ftom which is m.^de 

THE • TOMOKA • TRIP 

and is also a convenient point from which to st.irt lor Rockledge and L.iUe Worth, and to Tampa and Cuba. 
Bicyclers liiul cm Omumd Beach the finest course in the World. 

The HOTEL ORMOND is a thoroughly comfortable, cheerful and home-like hotel, well known for 
its good beds and careful housekeeping. Open Dec. Kth to April 2^th. Anderson & Prick. Managers. 
As to. the Table for season iSo? — The cooks arc from the famous houses, the Crawford House and 
the Summit House, Wliite Mountains; the W.iumbek, Jefferson. N. H.; the Vendomc, Boston; and the 
Lake Mohonk Mountain House, New York State; while the chef h.is for the past two years been chef of 
the Laurel House at Lakewooil, N. J. None but the best meats and best butter will be served. 
+ + PURE WATER AND FRESH MILK. + + 

Cottage Lots for Winter Homes in OrmonJ Village sold on easy t^rms. 
Family Hoths am> I'li-asant Boakdinc. Houses with Moderate Rates. 
g^'Go early to ORMOND, while the Groves are full of fruit. + + 

Circulari also at the Standard Ciuide Information Burciu. 



The Standard Guide. 



VISIT DR. J. VEDDER'5 

MUSEUn V AND - MENAGERIE. 

Florida Wild Animals, Birds, Fish, Crustaceans and Reptiles. 

_ __ — _^^ AVoiiiltTs of Land anil Sea in Great Aariety. 








DR. J. VEDDER. 

r>r. J, Vedder was born in Schenectady, N. Y., July 22, 
1S19. In July. 1839, he was employed by the Utica & 
Syracuse k. R., and he had charge of a locomotive, being 
the youngest engineer on his division, and to day he is 
doubtless the oldest living engineer in the United States. 
In 1841 he invented the sand box. s milar to that now in use. 



ON BAY ST. OPPOSITE BATH HOUSr 

Entrance through Old Spanish Building and Genuine 
Curiosity Store, containing among others the follow- 
ing Specimens: 

OCEANIC WONDERS. 

Monster Sun Fimli—Or^/tagorxsais^ family </ia~ 
dontidoe. The largest one in the world. 'I'he one in 
the British Museum measures 7ft. 6in j and one recently 
caught near Los Angeles Sft 2in., which was supposed 
to be the largest. 1 he specimen ou exhibition here is. 
loft. high and 9ft. long. It was captured at Matanzas 
Inlet. I^arfffl Jlanatee <ir Sea Cow. A'so skele- 
t >n. Manatus americanus. Caught at St. Lurie 
Inlet, Fla. The celebrated sea cow, Romeo, one of the 
largest ever captured. Bottlw Ueailetl \\'lial4> - 
A cetaceous animal, belonging to the family Balez'cni- 
doey when full grown about 25ft. in length Rare 
species. Wounded and came on shore at Mird Island, 
opposite the lighthouse. 3Ionster Saw Fish— 14ft. 
long, captured in St. Augustine Bay. Larj^e tJeu' 
Fish —Sea black bass. Epinepklus niguitus. Tar- 
pon, the Silver Kin^ 7ft. long; the largest one 
in Florida; in its natural lustre. PORPOISE, a very 
large specimen. ]>Ionster Man-Kaler Sliark ■ 
One of ths largest ever captured. Also Sand, Blue, 
Shovel-nose, Hammer-head Sharks, Torpedo or Elec- 
tric K,ay, ')ctopus or Devil Fish, Trunk Fish, Scabbard 
Fish, Old Man of the Sea, Gurnard. Pipe Fish, Hat 
Fish, Sea Horse, Frog Fish, Sole, Flounder, Shark 
Sucker, Cabalia. Sheepshead, Cobia, Trigger Fish, 
Mediterranean Sky Gazer, Globe Fish, Sea Porcupine, 
Spotted Ray, Smooth Back Sting Ray, Prickly Ray, 
etc. The (Juitarro {Rhinobatus lentiginosus'. First 
described and classified in 18S0 by Prof. Garman Very 
rare. The Lute, or Leathery TwvW*^— Sphar- 
gis coriacea. This turtle exceeds all others in size. 
Agassiz states that he has seen them weighing over a 
ton. This turtle was known 10 the ancient Greeks, and 
of its carapace the first lyre is suppt»sed to have been 
formed, the seven ridges on the back suggesting the 
adoption of seven strings, which was the ancient number. 
Hence it is called the Lute Turtle. 



ANIMALS.— Large Rlack Bear caught on Anastasia 
Island when young Otters, most beautilul of the aquatic 
family. Wild Cats \Lynx ru/us)^ Mink, Gray Foxes, Fawn, 
Skunks, deprived of their musk glands; Opossum, Rac- 
C(x>ns, Fox Squirrels. The Jutia from the West Indies, the 
only one known to be in the United States. And many other 
specimens. IJIKD.S. — Darter or Snak; Birds, iJald Eagle, 
Great Blue Heron, Sandhill Crane. White Heron, White 
Egret, Wood Ibis, White Ibis. Turkey Buzzard, Great 
Horned Owl, Barred Owl, Paraquet, Mottled Owls, 
Hawks, ]>l4»iikey Faced Owl, Pelican, Falcon, etc. 
KEPTILKS— Monster Alligator, Crocodile from 
India, monster Rattlesnake, Scorpion, Centipede, monster 
Moccasin Snake, Ground Rattlesnake, Coach Whip. Adder, 
Serpent Lizard or Glass Snake, Cobra deCapello from India. 
Alcroliol aiHl M«>unte<l Specimens l>y the Hun- 
dre<ls. Live Alligators for sale, boxed for sh'pment. Alli- 
gators artistically mounted - all sizes. Birds, bird Skm-^, 
Plumes, Feathers, Pompons in great variety. Metallic 
Boxes for shipping orange blossoms and flowers for sale. 
Anthropological Indian specimens, including skull of an 
aborigince, plainly showing indentation made by stone 
battle-axe. 

Tourists can procure without cost, DR VEDDER'S 
FOLDER at the Hotel Offices, giving condensed history 
of St. Augustine, valuable as a reference and to send home, 
also giving a fuller account of this collection. 
ADMISSION 25 CENTS, CHILDUKN 10 CKNTS 
SEASON TICKETS, iSil.OO. 




ON BAY STREET CORNER TREASURY, WHERE THE FLAGS ARE FLYING. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 



Stayidard Guide Advertiser. 




BARGAINS * IN * REAL :^ ESTATE. 

This year wc aro olTcriiig biiiUliiig lots in the Atwood Fii-IJ — an oul orannc grove. These lols are 
centrally localeil — live minutes' I'roni the post-titTice — and are high and dry. the loiation is a choice one 
lor home plots. The greatest bargains in real estate ever olTered in St. Auuustine. For map and 
particulars addro^ ST. Al'(il-'5TINn IMPROVnMP.NT COMPANY. 



Dr. E.M. Goodrich, 

Northern Dentist ^ + 

OF 

+ 25 Years Experience. 

iiKKICK Asn Rl-.UUMF, 

NORTH ST. GEORGE STREET, 

MAK TllF IITY CAM'S. 



THE ST. AUGUSTINE NEWS. 

In l)al:> and Weekly Bditlons. 

TWO OF THE BEST ADVERTISING * 
# * MEDIUMS IN THE SOUTH. 
The Leadins; Daily Paper in 5t. Johns Co. 

SL'BSCRIPTION RATES: 
Daily < Twenty.citfht cnlumn.s>, per annum, $5,00 
Weekly (Forty-eiKht culumn.s), per annum, $2.00 

THE DAILY NEWS CO., 

5t. Aujrustine. F"la. 



THE TRAVELERS.. 



West Bay, corner Cedar Street, 



JACKSONVILLE, Florida. 



Euntpcan !*lan. Only 5 minutcx' walk from all R, R. DepoLs and Stcamtxjdt Landings, and all Street Cars pas.s the 
Hotel. lt«*.<*ti«iirHiit llrMt daisN In till IIm n|i|Hilii(iii»*iit!« All regular iiii*hK. ',\!tv. These rates under 
present Man;»K<T have bern csi;ih|ished and sustained by the liberal patronage of the Stale and Tourist painns. 
KiMOls .-,«!«.. :.-.<•., «1.00 PER PKUSON. OPEN ALL Till. YK \R. 

D. C. ANDRESS, Proprietor. J. C. ANDRESS, Manaccr 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



llic Standard Guide. 




THE KOMBI CAMERA 



S3.50 



Is a Covtbincd Catnera and Grapkoscope 
Makes a picture this size; square, round or 
fancy shape. Takes 25 pictures in one 
loading, snap shot or time exposure. Tlie 
size of thecairerais ifg ' ain. Weight, 40Z. 
Carry in your pocket. All metal, silver- 
bronze finish. Not a toy, but a practical 
camera 
A DELIGHTFUL CHRISTMAS GIFT. 

Any boy or girl can use it Kvery 
instrument guaranteed Indestructible 

The Kombi, complete, $3.50. Strip 
of film (25 exposures I. 20 cents extra. Cost of developing roll of film, 15 
cents. Cost of printing, i cent for each picture. 

1/ not /or sale by your dealer^ the Kontbi ittill be sent to any 
address^ postpaid^ on receipt 0/ price. frustrated booklet free. 

ALFRED C. KEMPER, 208 Lake St., CHICAGO, ILL. 





VtHtfTAH BID 5 



We beg to announce that we have estab- 
lished a Branch House in the Alcazar, St. 
Augustine, where we will show throughout 
the season an exclusive high-class stock of 

IMPORTED HATS and BONNETS 

for Carriage. Stieet. Reception and Even- 
3i^36WAim«(,T<>nsT. ■ ^^,,^_ Selected with special reference 

CniCAOO, , <- , . 

to the St. Augustine season. 

No. 23 Alcazar Court, St. Augustine. 

FROM THE WORUD'S FAIR • • • • 

Japanese Bazai^. 

TnmRGflWA SRNZO, 

Importer nf Japanese and European novelties, St. 

Augustine Souvenirs, Sterling Silver Spoons and 
Art Novelties-in e.vclusive designs. All goods sold by us are genuine, and the latest 
and most correct designs. ....... 

t^ing St., Opposite Post Office, St. Augustine, pla. 

STATE" SPOON. 




TRADE 



MARK. 



BRANCHES: 

CAPE MAY, N. J. 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FL*. 



FLORIDA 




150 



COAT OF ARMS. 



Coffee Spoons . _ . . 

Gilt bowls :5c. extra 

Wholesale prices on application. Send for circulars and price list of novelties. Depot for .Sterling 
Silver Novelties, Watches. Jewelkv, Silverware, Diamonds and OrriCAL Goods. 

C. F. SULZNER, No. 11 St. George st., St. Augustine, Fla. Established 1884. 

Circul.irs also at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide. 



Across 
T?.^ Plaza 

in thi- l.voN Building, ;idjoin- 
inu Ihi- Coriinvj. \W 

LYON 
COMPANY 

slii'u .1 (.Dinpli'ti- ;issoitnu-nt 
"I Home Made Klorid.i Pre- 
serves, Gu;iv;i Jellv, Whole 
Preserved GuMvns, Gii;iv;i 
M.irmakide, Preserved Fiu's. And Ai i thk Bi st TuiNr,*; in Fink Gkockries. 

.Don't forget to call in at our China Store. ^ 





/ 


'^ \S 




pi 


Pifciw^ 




1 

1 



i: XT KANT r 



SI", CKoKCi; ok KINi. STKII "1 



G. T. BUNTING, 

.nANUFACTliRI-R (H- A.M) DEALER IN 

Furniture, Mattresses & Pillows. 

STOVES AND RANGES. 



Picture Frames, riouldings 



V 



and Fancy Cabinet Wart. 



iN. B.— Undertakinjr Department entirely separate. 
+ + TELEPHONE, Store No. 3. + + 

Nos. 45 & 52 North Charlotte Street, St. Augustine, Fla. 

Cirenlart alto at tht "SlandarJ Cuidt" In/ormalien Bureau, S . A:icuilini- 



The Standard Guide. 

THE HOTEL • ABBEY, 

ST. GEORGE STREET . (near the City Gates) • ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 



FIRST CLASS IN EVERY RESPECT. 

Rates $10 to $14 per Week. 
W. B. PINE, Proprietor & Manager. W. A. WOOD, Assistant Manager 

Formerly "f t-londwooil House, Archer. KI.1 , which is now under ni.inagement uf F M (i Wood and Mrs. W. \. Wood. 

HOTEL BUCKINGHAM, 

Opposite Alcazar, Granada Street. 

A - NEW - FAMILY - HOTEL. 

Large Rooms. Modern Appointments. Terms Moderate. 

GEORGE C. HOWE, Proprietor. 

SuM.MKR Season: Hotki. Winsor, on Lake Champl.iin, Rouses I'oint, N. Y. 

"Z^hotel~qranada!^~ 

St. Augustine, Fla. 

I)IR^;c■|■l.^■ i acks jhk .m.\ix k.ntkance to tiik I'oxce de leox ikitei.. 

It Jciiioiistrates that within this city of palaces, refined comforts of a first-class hotel can be enjoyed 
at inoilcrate rates. It partakes more of the nature of the social club houses of Tuxedo and Westchester, 
where the associations of private life are in evidence, r.ather than the confusion of a hotel. White enameled 
furniture, porcelain baths in plenty. Weekly rates, S^.so per day upwards. Double bedroom and bath, 
$i.oo per day. Suite of parlor, bedroom and bathroom, $0.00 each for two persons. 

W. S. BALCH, Manager 

° ° . ALLEN'S . . » 

TOURIST'S AGENCY ^ ^ ^ 
^ % INFORMATION BUREAU. 

Tickets lo all points by rail and steamboat. Parties organized for Florida and Cuban tours. 

Office, Corner King and St. George Streets (Kernan's Drug Store). 

_^^=xallen's tourist agency.. 

Circulan* alsu al ihc Standard Guid? Information Bureaus. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



F. S. FROST 



H. A LAWRENCE. 



H. C. GARDNER. 



FROST & ADAMS. 

Im;niritrs and Wholesale Dealers in 

Artists' Materials, Architects' anil Eugiueers' Snpplles, Mathematical Instrnmeiits, Etc. 



ARTISTS' OUTFITS OF EVERY KIND. 

Winsor & Newton's < Ml ami 

Watc-r Colors. 
Tucker & Green's Oil Colorv 
Le Mesurier's oil Colors. Iti 

Double, (Quadruple and Oclii- 

plc si/c Tubts, 
F. W. Devoe's Oil Colors. 
Edouard's I rcnch Oil Colors. 
D. & F. Schoenfelds' (.crman 

oil Colors. 

)o( 

Ebonixed Panels. 

Sketch Blocks. 

Plaques of all kinds. 

China Colors. 

Mirrors for Decoratini:. ^ 

Artists' lloxcs. ^ 

Arti&ts* Brushes. 

Artists' Canvas. 

Handbooks on Art. 

Studies of all kinds 

Lustra Painting Materiui^ 

Hronxes. 

Brocades. 

Send for Catalog^ue. 




PICTURE FRAMING. 

EDglisti, rrencli, GermaD and 
AmerJcaD Canvas 

IN ALL WIDTHS. 

>o( 

And a large and varied 
assortment of goods 
used by Artists, De- 
signers and Draftsmen. 

)o( — 

Spangles. 

Cnina for Decorating. 

I'al*cr Panels. 
TanilMnirincs. 
RctKjuvse M.ilerials. 
Canvas .^trrtclted 
Drawinc instrunicnls. 
Platiue Hims. 
Artists' Easels. 
DrawinR Paj>er. 
Materials for Tapcstr>'.c»« 
Kcnsin|i;ton Painting Ma 
icriaK. 

37 CORNHILL. BOSTON. MASS. 



St. Augustine and * * 
South Beach Railway 



* * 



Anastasia, Jetties, Light House, 
Coquina Quarries, Jack Mound 
and South Beach. 

IlOUkl.V FROM KIM. 
STKKKT \VII.\KI. 

!•'. Mil 111 I'l A/A. 

Fiiu I'ii-n- fit'iii hoiit aiiil 
train of thf City, Jlarhor, 
OIJ Fort Marion, tli,- 
Oi(\in, U. S. Bamitks anil 
North BiaiJi. 




DON'T MISS IT. 
A. WOOD, 



lifiicral ^laniiK'T. 
Circulars also at the "Standard Guide" Information I' 



READ 



TheTati.hr." 



S(X:iRTY IN THE .SOUTH. 

Pt'BLISHKtl BVKRV SATURDAY IN 

8T. AVGlTSTIKiE. FI.ORinA. 

FOCRTH YEAR. 

.\ spicy, bright paper of sixteen pages, giving 

arrivals at the principal hotels in this ami 

neighboring States, makes iwrsonal 

mention, describes social events. 

sl-bscription, $1 kor the season. 

Single Copies, io Cents. 

Solil on the trains, in the hotels and news slanils. 

For advertb-ing rales and subscription address 

MRS. ANNA M. MARCOTTK, 

KUITOR ANI> rRiirRIETllR. 

\ i^itors to the State are invited to send name 
and journeyings to Editor; all corres- 
pondence strictly confidential. 

ureau, St. Augustine. 



The StiDidard Guide. 



The 



BO=PEEP 1 




Smallest 4x5 folding camera made. Just the thing for 
your Southern trip. Fitted with a \e\v Patented 
Anastigmat Lens peculiarly adapted to general work. 
Perfect in mechanism, faultless in construction, handsome 
in finish. Size, 4 x 5. Price complete, w ith double plate 
holder, $15. Size 5x7, price complete, witli one double 
plate holder, $25. Send for complete catalogue of 
photographic outfits. _ ^ .. _ _ 

MANHATTAN OPTICAL CO., 

Cresskill, ^- » * ^-j x New Jersey. 

Le Mesurier Artists' Colors 

Are the same in first sliades. and will produce absolutely the 
same tints as the best English tube jiaints. We guarantee our 
colors to possess all desirable features found in domestic or 
foreign manufactures, and to excel them in many essential 
qualities, such as — impalpable fineness, freedom from lint and 
other vexatiiius substances, pusitive uniformitv of stren>,rtli and 
shade. NOTICE. — Our Single Tubes, with few ex- 
ceptions, are double the size of any foreign now in 
the market. Price-List and pamphlets, giving opi'iions of 
some of the most eminent artists, will be furnished upon appli- 
cation. Among others who have used them and attested their 
merits, are: D. Huntington, Pres't N.A.; Julian Scott, A.N. A.; Geo. Inness, N.A., 
J. H. Beard, N.A.; Wm. L. Sonntag, N.A.: E. Wood Perry, N.A.: R. W. Hubbard, 
N.A.: A. T. P.richer. N.A. -.-.-.. 

JOHN W. MASURY & SONS, Manufacturers, 

NEW YORK: P. O. Box 1012; Office, 44 to 50 Jay Street, Brooklyn. 
CHICAGO: Masury Building, iqo, 191 and 192 Michigan Avenue. 

Circulars also at the Standard Guide Information Bureau. 




The Slaudard Guide. 




Are You Figuring on tlio (j)st ol HMll'-Toiie llliislrjlioiis lor 

Hotel Pamphlets, Guides or Souvenirs? 

If so, let lis in;ikc ;m estimate. 

H. C. BROWN, 80 Fifth Avenue, New York. 

HALF-TONE ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 



% 



COOK'S TOURS 



% 



• ■> ESTABLISHED 1841 

THOS. c:<)()R \- SON uHrr niu-.iii.i 




irrespondence invited. 



1 i.icilitics lo travelers to and in all 
pans of the World. The firm has 
offices and experienced representatives 
in all princijial cities throughout the 
Unitetl States and Canada, Europe, 
Kgy|)t. the Holy Land, India, Hurmah, 
.\ustralia and New Zealand, at which 
their clients can obtain necessary in- 
formation and assistance. 

I'asseny;cr .\gents for the |)rincipal 
Railroad and Steamship Lines in the 
World. 

I'crsonally ronilucted parties organ- 
izeil at a|)pro|iriate seasons for visiting 
the chief tourist resorts of America, 
F;uro|-)e, Egypt and the Holy Land, etc. 
No^ charge for estimates or information. 



THOS. COOK & SON, 261 Broadway, New York. 

27 Hogan St., Jackson-, ille, Tla. Kingst., 5t. Augustine Under Cordova Hotel.. 
PHILADELPHIA, B05T0N, CHICAGO, SAN PRAiNCISCO, ETC. 

Circulars also at the Standar 1 CiulJc Informatio . Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide. 






Tourists are invited to avail thiemselves freely 

f)t the advantai^^cs offered by the 
STANDARD GUIDE INFORMA= 
TION BUREAUS, 5t. Augustine 
(King street) and Rockledge. In- 

■/ ^,r'^^ i'jTr u « tormation concerning St. Aui^ustme or 

' -^ - ' ■ ~^~ - - any resort in Florida or other parts of 

the South, or any railroad or steamship 
line, is cheerfull)- furnished. The latest 
railroad and steamship time cards and 
folders, and printed matter descriptive 
of the various resorts, can always be 




OTMi 




EA3I COA>T f 






-f^'-^'i^u'^; W- obtained at these Bureaus, which are 
M- maintained especially for the accommo- 



^m. 



dation of tourists, no charge whatever 
beine made for services rendered. 



The Bureaus are in charge of a gentleman thoroughly acquainted with all the 

resorts and transportation lines. 

REPORT . YOUR • LUCK 

With 

ROD a- GUN 

to the 

"FOREST AND STREAM," 

New York City. 

HOTEL OXFORD 

14th St. and New York Av., N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. 

Rates, American, S2.S0 per d&y and upward. ;;;- 
•;!:- -;'.;- European. $1 00 per day and npward. 

The most centrally Uicnted .ind liher.illy iiuiii- 
aged hotel in the city. 

H. P. MARSHALL & CO.. Proprietors. 




Circulars nko at the Standard Guide Information Bureaus. 



The Standard Guide. 

PldtuftF> PICTURES PICTl't?pi P!CTt(REi> PICTURES PlCrU«£5 PICTURES PiCTURf:S 
5UML1CHI ... ... /J^i ' J ^'u'm'GHt 

^iCTuREi Shji i^bt ruturcsof tionda p'^urei 

SUMIIGHT ^ tollcclioii ol tliirty-iiim: large hall-lone plates, specially eiigraveU from ^UMtlOft 

Pii'TUk'f ^ a carefully selected series of photographs. The subjects comprise St. ^ICTUfiE^ 

Augustine, Ornioml, Rockletlge, Palm Beach, Tampa, the St. John's ^" ""'*^ 
■^llhVirlhT ;iii'l ''"-klawaha Rivers, .nnil FloriJa as seen hy tourist eyes. In si/e and 

^, ,, ,1, scope, binding, unalitv of illiisiralioiis and all thai maki-s a beautiful art ^^, 

book, this volume of •' Sunlight Pictures" is distinguished iroin ^y,)v\\\^ 

^-M.,'„._^ jll other works relating to Florida. .... c," \' .'".'- 

^UHirW *^ SUNLIGHT 

- Sunlight Picturft is >old by all »rl -^ . - 

T dealert and book stores in Florida. PICTURES 

' ./ii'.vv.'s 

|UH11'CHT -^UHMCHT ^'uMfVari MintlGHT -UhtlCHl ^UhtlGHl -UNir.Kl ^(ilitlCt^ 

:piCTi -.\:- i-v'\v.\<\: '"• i.^''-' ■^•:\<M\- - iUJ?E| 

-^ THE LA BORDE. ^ 

Marine and Bridge Streets, w > St. Augustine, Fla. 

A quiet, humelike and thuitiughly comfortatile family hotel, bcauiifully located on the bay front, and having targe 
»uiiny rooms. The pn»prici -r gives i>crional attention to every detail "f the mit..igcmcni 

J. S, ABBOTT, Proprietor 

THE ST. AUGUSTINE PRESS. 

TUK I'liKSS. TliK DAll.V I'liKSS. 

(Ksr.\»I.HMKI> 1870) (KSIAKLISIIKIl 1893) 

.\ lirsi-elass daily evening paper, reaching all residents and tourists. In connection, a 
first cKks, complete job printing establishment. Ruling and binding. 

(HAS V. 11()I'K1N>. Ik. Kdilor and Publisher. 

FINE BOOK AND CATALOGUE WORK. 
Willis McDonald & Co., 

PRINTERS. STATIONHRS AND LITHOGRAPHHRS. 



.Nos. 39-43 Gold Street, New York. 



Ask to have shown \ou the beautiful, iimqiie and appropriate 

Coquina Edition of'- Old St. Augustine 




00 



10 



O c 

u 

c 
o 

< St^ 

02 ^- fe 

a. ^® 

< ^ 

o ;i • 
Q. a 



> 

o 

u 

H 
O 

r 



3 

o 



4) c); 

^1 



So: 



The Standard Guide. 




The only 
railway 
traversing; 
the great 

PINEAPPLE 
REGION 

and offering 

ALL RAIL 

transportation 
facilities to 

LAKE 
WORTH. 

Round trip 
tickets at 
reduced rates. 

JOSEPH RICHARDSON. 
Qen'l Pass'gr Agent. 



Circulan also u the Sundard Guide Infonnation Bureau. 



'J 



V' 







Circulars at the Standard Guide Information Bureau, 



\ 



